Monomer, polymer, compensation film, optical film, and display device

ABSTRACT

A monomer is represented by Chemical Formula 1: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R 1 , R 2 , o, p, L 1 , A 1 , R a , m, and n are the same as defined in the detailed description.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No.10-2017-0096550 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Jul.28, 2017, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119,the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety byreference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

A monomer, a polymer, a compensation film, an optical film, and adisplay device are disclosed.

2. Description of the Related Art

Research efforts have been undertaken to produce a colorless transparentmaterial that is suitable for diverse purposes such as for an opticallens, a functional optical film, and a disk substrate. However, asinformation devices are being further miniaturized and display devicesare providing higher resolution, more functions and greater performanceare required from the material.

Therefore, researcher efforts are currently underway to develop acolorless transparent material having improved transparency, heatresistance, mechanical strength, and flexibility.

SUMMARY

An embodiment provides a novel monomer that is applicable to acompensation film.

Another embodiment provides a polymer obtained by polymerizing the novelmonomer.

Yet another embodiment provides a compensation film including thepolymer.

Still another embodiment provides an optical film including thecompensation film.

Further embodiment provides a display device including the compensationfilm or the optical film.

An embodiment provides a monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 1,

R¹ and R² are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 cycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 toC30 acyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″(wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group,or a C6 to C30 aryl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, or a C6 to C30 arylgroup), or a combination thereof,

-   -   o and p are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3,    -   L¹ is O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20        alkyl group),    -   A¹ is a C6 to C30 aromatic organic group, and    -   R^(a) is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30        alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy        group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl        group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy        group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a        substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, a        hydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and        R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to        C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —CO—NR′R″        (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl        group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),        —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen,        a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30        arylalkyl group), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ are independently O, CO, COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b)is hydrogen or a C1 to C30 alkyl group),

A² and A³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group,

q and r are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3,

m is an integer ranging from 0 to 3, and

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 20.

In Chemical Formula 1,

o and p may independently be 0 or 1,

L¹ may be O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkylgroup),

A¹ may be a C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, and

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, a halogen,—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkylgroup, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen or a C1to C20 alkyl group), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) ishydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),

A² and A³ may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, q and r mayindependently be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, provided that 1≤q+r≤2,

m may be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, and n may be an integer of 0 to10.

In Chemical Formula 1,

L¹ may be O or NH,

A¹ may be a benzene ring, and

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, a halogen,—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), ora group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) ishydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),

A² and A³ may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted benzenering, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group,

q and r may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, providedthat 1≤q+r≤2,

m may be 0 or 1, and n may be an integer of 0 to 5.

The monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be a monomerrepresented by Chemical Formula 3 or Chemical Formula 4:

In Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4,

R¹ and R² are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 toC30 acyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″(wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group,or a C6 to C30 aryl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), or a combinationthereof,

o and p are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3, L¹ is O orNR^(b)(wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),

A¹ is a C6 to C30 aromatic organic group, and

R^(a) is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, ahydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), or a group represented by ChemicalFormula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ are independently O, CO, COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b)is hydrogen or a C1 to C30 alkyl group),

A² and A³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group,

q and r are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3,

m is an integer ranging from 0 to 3, and

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 20.

In Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4,

o and p may independently be 0 or 1,

L¹ may be O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkylgroup),

A¹ may be a C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, and

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, a halogen,—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkylgroup, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 toC20 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkylgroup), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) ishydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),

A² and A³ may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group,

q and r may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, providedthat 1≤q+r≤2, and

m may be 0 or 1, and n may be an integer of 0 to 10.

In Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4,

o and p may be 0,

L¹ may be O or NH,

A¹ may be a benzene ring, and

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkoxy group, a halogen,—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), ora group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) ishydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),

A² and A³ may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted benzenering, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group,

q and r may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, providedthat 1≤q+r≤2,

m may be 0 or 1, and n may be an integer of 0 to 5.

In another embodiment, provided is a polymer is a product of reactantsincluding the monomer according to an embodiment and diamine.

The diamine may be represented by Chemical Formula 5:NH₂—R^(c)—NH₂  Chemical Formula 5

wherein, in Chemical Formula 5,

R^(c) is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic organicgroup, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromaticorganic group is present as a single aromatic ring; a fused ringincluding two or more aromatic rings; or a ring system including two ormore of the single aromatic ring and/or the fused ring that are linkedby a single bond, or a functional group selected from a fluorenylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 cycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C6 to C15 arylene group, —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—,—CH(OH)—, —S(═O)₂—, —Si(CH₃)₂—, —(CH₂)_(p)— (wherein, 1≤p≤10),—(CF₂)_(q)— (wherein, 1≤q≤10), —C(CH₃)₂—, —C(CF₃)₂—, —C(═O)NH—, or acombination thereof.

The diamine represented by Chemical Formula 5 may be represented by atleast one of Chemical Formula 6 to Chemical Formula 8:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 6,

R^(d) is selected from chemical formulae:

R⁷ and R⁸ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²⁰⁰, wherein R²⁰⁰ is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²⁰¹R²⁰²R²⁰³, wherein R²⁰¹,R²⁰², and R²⁰³ are the same or different and are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group, and

n1 and n2 are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 4;

wherein, in Chemical Formula 7,

R²⁶ and R²⁷ are the same or different and are independently an electronwithdrawing group selected from —CF₃, —CCl₃, —CBr₃, —Cl₃, —NO₂, —CN,—COCH₃, or —CO₂C₂H₅,

R²⁸ and R²⁹ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²⁰⁴, wherein R²⁰⁴ is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²⁰⁵R²⁰⁶R²⁰⁷, wherein R²⁰⁵,R²⁰⁶, and R²⁰⁷ are the same or different and are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group,

n3 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n5 is an integer ranging from 0 to3, and n3+n5 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, and

n4 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n6 is an integer ranging from 0 to3, and n4+n6 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4;

wherein, in Chemical Formula 8,

R¹⁴ is O, S, C(═O), CH(OH), S(═O)₂, Si(CH₃)₂, (CH₂)_(p) (wherein,1≤p≤10), (CF₂)_(q) (wherein, 1≤q≤10), C(CH₃)₂, C(CF₃)₂, C(═O)NH, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C6 to C18 aromatic organic group, whereinthe C6 to C18 aromatic organic group is present as a single aromaticring, a fused ring including two or more aromatic rings, or a ringsystem including two or more of the single aromatic ring and/or thefused ring that are linked by a single bond, or a functional groupselected from a fluorenylene group, O, S, C(═O), CH(OH), S(═O)₂,Si(CH₃)₂, (CH₂)_(p) (wherein, 1≤p≤10), (CF₂)_(q) (wherein, 1≤q≤10),C(CH₃)₂, C(CF₃)₂, or C(═O)NH,

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²¹², wherein R²¹² is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²¹³R²¹⁴R²¹⁵, wherein R²¹³,R²¹⁴, and R²¹⁵ are the same or different and are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group, and

n9 and n10 are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

The polymer according to an embodiment may be a product of reactantsincluding at least one of the diamine represented by Chemical Formula 7and the diamine represented by Chemical Formula 8.

The polymer may be a product of reactants wherein the diaminerepresented by Chemical Formula 7 may include2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFDB) and the diamine represented byChemical Formula 8 may include 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DADPS).

The polymer according to an embodiment may be a product of reactantsthat further include dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 9:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 9,

R¹⁰ is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —CH(OH)—, —C(═O)NH—, —S(═O)₂—,—Si(CH₃)₂—, —(CH₂)_(p)—, —(CF₂)_(q)—, —C(C_(n)H_(2n+1))₂—,—C(C_(n)F_(2n+1))₂—, —(CH₂)_(p)—C(C_(n)H_(2n+1))₂—(CH₂)_(q)—, or—(CH₂)_(p)—C(C_(n)F_(2n+1))₂—(CH₂)_(q)— (wherein 1≤n≤10, 1≤p≤10, and1≤q≤10),

R¹² and R¹³ are independently a halogen, a hydroxy group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, a —OR²⁰¹ group (whereinR²⁰¹ is a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), or a —SiR²¹⁰R²¹¹R²¹²(wherein R²¹⁰, R²¹¹, and R²¹² are independently hydrogen or a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group) group, and

n7 and n8 are independently one of integers of 0 to 3.

The dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 9 may includedianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 10, dianhydride representedby Chemical Formula 11, or a combination thereof:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 10 and Chemical Formula 11,

R¹² and R¹³ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²⁰⁸, wherein R²⁰⁸ is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²⁰⁹R²¹⁰R²¹¹, wherein R²⁰⁹,R²¹⁰, and R²¹¹ are the same or different and are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group, and

n7 and n8 are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3.

The polymer may be a product of reactants including the monomeraccording to an embodiment, and at least one of the dianhydriderepresented by Chemical Formula 10 and the dianhydride represented byChemical Formula 11 in a mole ratio of about 90:10 to about 10:90.

The polymer according to an embodiment may be a product of reactantsthat further includes dicarboxylic acid derivative represented byChemical Formula 12:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 12,

R³ is at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group anda substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene group, and X's areindependently the same or different halogen atom.

In Chemical Formula 12, R³ may be at least one of an unsubstitutedphenylene group and an unsubstituted biphenylene group, and X's mayindependently be Cl or Br.

Another embodiment provides a compensation film including the polymeraccording to the embodiment.

Another embodiment provides an optical film including the compensationfilm according to the embodiment and a polarizer.

Another embodiment provides a display device including the compensationfilm according to the embodiment.

Another embodiment provides a display device including the optical filmaccording to the embodiment.

A novel monomer according to an embodiment reacts with diamine, andthus, may be used to form a polyester-imide film having hightransmittance, a low yellow index, and low haze and also, a highout-of-plane birefringence and is prepared from inexpensive rawmaterials and accordingly may be used to manufacture an optical filmrequiring high optical characteristics and mechanical properties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, advantages and features of this disclosurewill become more apparent by describing in further detail exemplaryembodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an optical filmaccording to an embodiment,

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the external light anti-reflectionprinciple of an optical film,

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a polarizing film,

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emittingdiode (OLED) display according to an embodiment, and

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display(LCD) according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and maybe readily performed by those who have common knowledge in the relatedart. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different formsand should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments setforth herein.

Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring tothe figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As usedherein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one ormore of the associated listed items. The term “or” means “and/or.”Expressions such as “at least one of” when preceding a list of elements,modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individualelements of the list.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions,layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layersand/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms areonly used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer orsection from another element, component, region, layer, or section.Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussedbelow could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, orsection without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, thesingular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the pluralforms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term“or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any andall combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list ofelements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify theindividual elements of the list.

It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or“comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of stated features, regions,integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do notpreclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/orgroups thereof.

“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the statedvalue and means within an acceptable range of deviation for theparticular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art,considering the measurement in question and the error associated withmeasurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of themeasurement system).

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive conceptbelongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those definedin commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaningthat is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant artand the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealizedor overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to crosssection illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealizedembodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations asa result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances,are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not beconstrued as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustratedherein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example,from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described asflat may, typically, have rough and/or non-linear features. Moreover,sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regionsillustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes arenot intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are notintended to limit the scope of the present claims.

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc.,are exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals designate likeelements throughout the specification. It will be understood that whenan element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to asbeing “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element orintervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an elementis referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are nointervening elements present.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“substituted” refers to replacement of a hydrogen atom of a compound ora functional group by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an aminogroup, an azido group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a carbonyl group, a carbamyl group, a thiol group, an estergroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1 to C20 alkylgroup, a C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a C6 to C30aryl group, a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, a C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a C1to C20 heteroalkyl group, a C3 to C20 heteroarylalkyl group, a C3 to C30cycloalkyl group, a C3 to C15 cycloalkenyl group, a C6 to C15cycloalkynyl group, a C3 to C30 heterocycloalkyl group, and acombination thereof.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“hetero” refers to inclusion of 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from N, O,S, Se, and P.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“alkyl” indicates a group derived from a completely saturated, branchedor unbranched (or a straight or linear) hydrocarbon and having aspecified number of carbon atoms.

As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl group” refers to a monovalent grouphaving one or more saturated rings in which all ring members are carbon.Non-limiting examples of the cycloalkyl group are cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“alkoxy” represents “alkyl-O—”, wherein the term “alkyl” has the samemeaning as described above.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“cycloalkoxy” represents “cycloalkyl-O—”, wherein the term “cycloalkyl”has the same meaning as described above.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“acyl” represents “alkyl-C(═O)—”, wherein the term “alkyl” has the samemeaning as described above.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“aryl” indicates an aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least one ringand having the specified number of carbon atoms.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“arylalkyl” represents “aryl-alkyl-”, wherein the terms “aryl” and“alkyl” have the same meaning as described above.

As used herein, the term “alkylene” indicates a straight or branchedsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a valence of at least two,optionally substituted with one or more substituents where indicated,provided that the valence of the alkylene group is not exceeded.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“arylene” indicates a divalent group formed by the removal of twohydrogen atoms from one or more rings of an arene, wherein the hydrogenatoms may be removed from the same or different rings of the arene.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“heteroalkylene” indicates a straight or branched saturated aliphatichydrocarbon group having a valence of at least two, optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents where indicated, provided thatthe valence of the alkylene group is not exceeded, and including one ormore heteroatoms selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), andphosphorus (P).

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“alkylarylene” indicates an arylene group substituted with an alkylenegroup, wherein the terms “arylene” and “alkylene” have the same meaningas described above.

As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the term“arylalkylene” indicates an alkylene group substituted with an arylenegroup, wherein the terms “alkylene” and “arylene” have the same meaningas described above.

An optically transparent heat resistant polymer described herein may beapplied to various optoelectronic devices, for example, an image device,a liquid crystal alignment layer, a color filter, an opticalcompensation film, an optic fiber, a light guide, optical lens, and thelike. In this regard, research efforts have been recently made torealize a remarkably light and flexible display panel by replacing afragile inorganic glass substrate (e.g., about 300 nanometers (nm_toabout 700 millimeters (mm) thick) in an image device with a plasticsubstrate (<about 50 mm thick).

However, the plastic substrate has not secured reliability yet, becauseit is difficult to simultaneously achieve optical transmittance, heatresistance, dimensional stability (thermal dimensional stability) at athermal cycle during the assembly process of a device, film flexibility,and film-forming process compatibility (a solution process) in a highlevel. The plastic substrate is excellent in terms of flexibility andthin film formality but inferior in terms of heat resistance and thermaldimensional stability compared with the inorganic glass substrate.

Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) is known to have the highest glass transitiontemperature (T_(g), 225° C.) among commercially available superengineering plastics. However, PES may be not suitable as the plasticsubstrate in terms of heat resistance and thermal dimensional stability.A plastic substrate having insufficient thermal dimensional stabilitymay be thermally expanded/contracted during repetitive heating/coolingcycles in a process of forming an ITO (indium tin oxide) electrode and athin film transistor, and thus, may destroy an ITO layer.

A high temperature polymer material having the highest reliability maybe polyimide (PI). A part of aromatic PI systems simultaneously has muchhigher T_(g) than a device operating temperature and a low linearcoefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) along a film plane (X-Y)direction in a glassy region, and thus, excellent thermal dimensionalstability. However, common aromatic PI is strongly colored due to acharge transfer (CT) interaction and often disturbs an optical device.Accordingly, academic and industrial research on a coloring/discoloringmechanism of an aromatic PI film has been widely conducted. One ofeffective approaches for discoloring the film is to block the CTinteraction by selecting a non-aromatic (alicyclic) monomer fromdiamine, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or both of them. However, thealicyclic monomer may cause a serious problem in some uses. In otherwords, a partly or wholly alicyclic PI film often has insufficientthermal dimensional stability due to a high linear coefficient ofthermal expansion CTE (>60 parts per million per Kelvin, ppm K⁻¹) in theglassy region despite a high glass transition temperature T_(g) (>300°C.). This high linear coefficient of thermal expansion is actuallygenerated from a randomly three dimensionally disposed chain alignment.The alicyclic monomer mostly has a non-linear/non-planar cubicstructure. As a result, linearity of a PI main chain is completelydestroyed. In this twisted backbone structure, chains may not be highlyaligned along an X-Y direction (hereinafter, “planar alignment”) duringa thermal imidization process. Among the alicyclic monomers,1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) andtrans-1,4-cyclohexane diamine (t-CHDA) uncommonly has a rigid and linearstructure. However, a solution process may not be applied to final PIusing this monomer. A wholly aromatic PI system induced from4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) has no low coefficient ofthermal expansion due to a non-linear/non-coplanar cubic structure of a6-FDA-based diimide unit but high transparency and excellent solubility.

Accordingly, a plastic material simultaneously satisfying desiredvarious characteristics, and thus, having high reliability is difficultto develop.

The present inventors synthesize a novel monomer capable of formingpolyimide simultaneously satisfying thermal stability and opticaltransparency, and thus, has completed the present invention byconfirming that a polymer formed from the monomer has particular opticalproperties, for example, high transparency, as well as high out-of-planebirefringence, and in addition, high thermal stability due to a highglass transition temperature.

The monomer may be represented by Chemical Formula 1:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 1,

R¹ and R² are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 cycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 toC30 acyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″(wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group,or a C6 to C30 aryl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, or a C6 to C30 arylgroup), or a combination thereof,

o and p are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3,

L¹ is O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkylgroup),

A¹ is a C6 to C30 aromatic organic group, and

R^(a) is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, ahydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), or a group represented by ChemicalFormula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ are independently O, CO, COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b)is hydrogen or C1 to C30 alkyl group),

A² and A³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group,

q and r are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3,

m is an integer ranging from 0 to 3, and

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 20.

The compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 according to anembodiment has an overall rigid planar structure, wherein each anhydridegroup at both sides of a core in the center is linked through a carbonylgroup (C═O) to the core. It also includes a bulky substituent at a sidechain of the core, and thus, may improve solubility due to a much highermolecular volume and an asymmetric structure, and in addition, mayimprove optical characteristics by decreasing a stacking structure andcharge transfer among molecules.

The rigid planar structure has a much lower linear coefficient ofthermal expansion, a high glass transition temperature, a highout-of-plane birefringence, high mechanical properties, and the like butmay easily form an intermolecular stacking structure, and thus, form anintermolecular charge transfer complex, and accordingly, a polymerformed therefrom appears yellow and deteriorates optical properties.

The compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 according to theembodiment has a rigid planar structure overall but includes a bulkysubstituent at a side chain of a core, and thus, may reduce formation ofan intermolecular complex and a charge transfer complex, and thus,reduce a deterioration of optical properties and simultaneously maintainhigh thermal stability, a low linear coefficient of thermal expansion, ahigh out-of-plane birefringence, and excellent mechanical properties dueto the overall planar structure.

Accordingly, novel dianhydride including an ester structure in which acore including a bulky side chain is bonded with dianhydride groups atboth sides of the core through a carbonyl group may be reacted with anaromatic diamine and the like to prepare a polyester-imide polymer,which may secure high thermal stability and excellent opticalproperties.

Furthermore, the compound according to the embodiment may be preparedfrom easily acquirable inexpensive starting materials, as shown throughExamples that will be described later, and thus, may lower a preparationcost compared with conventional particularly expensive aromatic diamineor aromatic dianhydride showing excellent optical properties, mechanicalproperties, and the like.

In an exemplary embodiment, o and p of Chemical Formula 1 mayindependently be 0 or 1,

L¹ may be O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkylgroup), for example, O or NH,

A¹ may be a C6 to C30 aromatic organic group, for example, a C6 to C20aromatic organic group, for example, a C6 to C12 aromatic organic group,for example, a C6 to C10 aromatic organic group, for example, a benzenering, and

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, a halogen,—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkylgroup, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen or a C1to C20 alkyl group), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be O, CO, COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (whereinR^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), for example, COO, C≡C, orCONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), forexample, COO, C≡C, or CONH,

A² and A³ may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20aromatic ring group, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 toC16 aromatic ring, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C12aromatic ring, for example, a benzene ring, a substituted orunsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20arylalkyl group, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkylgroup, for example, a phenylmethyl group, a phenylethyl group, aphenylpropyl group, a phenylbutyl group, or a phenylpentyl group,

q and r may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, providedthat 1≤q+r≤2,

m may be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, for example, 0 or 1, and

n may be an integer of 0 to 10, for example, an integer of 0 to 5, forexample, an integer of 0 to 3, for example, an integer of 0 to 2.

The monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be a monomerrepresented by Chemical Formula 3 or Chemical Formula 4:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4,

R¹ and R² may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C1 C30alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 toC30 acyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″(wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group,or a C6 to C30 aryl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), or combinationthereof,

o and p may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 3, forexample, may independently be 0 or 1, or for example, o and p may be all0,

L¹ may be O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkylgroup), for example, or O or NH,

A¹ may be a C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, for example, a C6 to C16aromatic organic group, for example, a C6 to C12 aromatic organic group,for example, a C6 to C10 aromatic organic group, for example, a benzenering,

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7 toC30 arylalkyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″(wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group,a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —CO—NR′R″(wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group,a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —SiR′R″R′″(wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkylgroup, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), or agroup represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be O, CO, COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (whereinR^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), for example, COO, C≡C, orCONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), forexample, COO, C≡C, or CONH,

A² and A³ may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aromatic ring, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C16aromatic ring, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C12aromatic ring, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C10aromatic ring, for example, a benzene ring, a substituted orunsubstituted fluorene ring, for example, an unsubstituted fluorenering, or a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, forexample, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylmethyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted phenylethyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted phenylpropyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedphenylbutyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylpentyl group,

q and r may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 3, forexample, may independently be an integer ranging from 0 to 2, providedthat 1≤q+r≤2,

m may be an integer ranging from 0 to 3, for example, an integer rangingfrom 0 to 2, for example, 0 or 1, and

n may be an integer ranging from 0 to 10, for example, an integerranging from 0 to 5, for example, an integer ranging from 0 to 3, or forexample, an integer ranging from 0 to 2.

In Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4, o and p may independentlybe 0 or 1, for example, o and p may be all 0, and L¹ may be O or NR^(b)(wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),

A¹ may be a C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, for example, a benzenering, and

R^(a) may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkoxy group, a halogen,—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), ora group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ are independently COO, C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) ishydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A² and A³ are independently asubstituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, a substituted orunsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20arylalkyl group,

q and r are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 2, provided that1≤q+r≤2,

m is an integer of 0 or 1, and n is an integer of 0 to 5.

o and p of Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4 may be all 0, L¹may be O or NH, A¹ is a benzene ring, and R^(a) may be hydrogen, afluorine group, —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen,a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30arylalkyl group), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2,

L² and L³ may independently be COO, C≡C, or CONH,

A² and A³ may independently be a benzene ring, a fluorene ring, or a C7to C20 arylalkyl group,

q and r may independently be an integer of 0 or 1, provided that0≤q+r≤1,

m may be an integer of 1.

Examples of the monomer according to an embodiment may be compoundsrepresented by Compounds M-1 to M-20, but are not limited thereto:

In an exemplary embodiment, among the monomers represented by ChemicalFormula 3, the compound wherein L¹ is O, n is 1, and both o and p are 0may be prepared according to Reaction Scheme 1:

In an exemplary embodiment, among the monomer represented by ChemicalFormula 4, the compound wherein L¹ is O, n is 1, and both o and p are 0may be prepared according to Reaction Scheme 2:

In Reaction Scheme 1 and Reaction Scheme 2, in “R—CH₂—Hal”, “R—”corresponds to a moiety represented by “(R^(a))m-A¹-” in ChemicalFormulae 3 and 4, “Hal” refers to an halogen atom, for example, F, Cl,Br, or I, “DMAC” refers to a solvent “dimethyl acetamide”, and “MeCN”refers to “methyl cyanide”.

In an exemplary embodiment, among the monomers represented by ChemicalFormula 3, a compound wherein L¹ is O or NH, n is 0 or 1, and p is equalto 0 may be prepared according to Reaction Scheme 3:

In an exemplary embodiment, among the monomers represented by ChemicalFormula 4, a compound wherein L¹ is O or NH, n is 0 or 1, and p is equalto 0 may be prepared according to Reaction Scheme 4:

In Reaction Scheme 3 and Reaction Scheme 4, Ac₂O refers to aceticanhydride, OAc refers to an acetate group, PhMe refers to toluene, DCMrefers to dichloromethane, and R^(a), A¹, L¹, m, n, R¹, and o are thesame as defined in Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4.

In other words, the monomer according to an embodiment may be easilyprepared according to Reaction Scheme by using commercially availableinexpensive starting materials by a person having an ordinary skill inthis art.

The monomer is a dianhydride compound having two anhydride groups atboth ends and accordingly, reacts with a diamine compound in the samemole amount and forms polyimide.

Accordingly, in another embodiment, a polymer may be a product ofreactants including the monomer according to an embodiment and diamine.

The diamine may be represented by Chemical Formula 5:NH₂—R^(c)—NH₂  Chemical Formula 5

In Chemical Formula 5,

R^(c) is a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic organicgroup, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromaticorganic group is present as a substituted or unsubstituted singlearomatic ring; a fused ring including two or more the substituted orunsubstituted aromatic rings; or a ring system including two or more ofthe substituted or unsubstituted single aromatic ring and/or the fusedring that are linked by a single bond, or a functional group selectedfrom a fluorenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C15 arylenegroup, —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —CH(OH)—, —S(═O)₂—, —Si(CH₃)₂—, —(CH₂)_(p)—(wherein, 1≤p≤10), —(CF₂)_(q)— (wherein, 1≤q≤10), —C(CH₃)₂—, —C(CF₃)₂—,—C(═O)NH—, or a combination thereof.

The polymer prepared by reacting the monomer according to an embodimentand the diamine represented by Chemical Formula 5 may include a firstimide structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 13:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 13, R^(a), A¹, L¹, m, n, R¹, R², O, and pare the same as defined in Chemical Formula 1 and R^(c) is the same asdefined in Chemical Formula 5.

When the monomer according to an embodiment is a monomer represented byChemical Formula 3, the first imide structural unit may be representedby Chemical Formula 14:

When the monomer according to an embodiment is a monomer represented byChemical Formula 4, the first imide structural unit may be representedby Chemical Formula 15:

In Chemical Formula 14 and Chemical Formula 15, R^(a), A¹, L¹, m, n, R¹,R², o, and p are the same as defined in Chemical Formula 1 and R^(c) isthe same as defined in Chemical Formula 5.

The diamine represented by Chemical Formula 5 may be represented by atleast one of Chemical Formula 6 to Chemical Formula 8:

In Chemical Formula 6,

R^(d) is selected from the following chemical formulae:

R⁷ and R⁸ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²⁰⁰, wherein R²⁰⁰ is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²⁰¹R²⁰²R²⁰³, wherein R²⁰¹,R²⁰², and R²⁰³ are the same or different and are independently hydrogen,or a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group, and

n1 and n2 are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 4;

wherein, in Chemical Formula 7,

R²⁶ and R²⁷ are the same or different and are independently an electronwithdrawing group selected from —CF₃, —CCl₃, —CBr₃, —Cl₃, —NO₂, —CN,—COCH₃, or —CO₂C₂H₅,

R²⁸ and R²⁹ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²⁰⁴, wherein R²⁰⁴ is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²⁰⁵R²⁰⁶R²⁰⁷, wherein R²⁰⁵,R²⁰⁶, and R²⁰⁷ are the same or different and are independently hydrogen,or a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group,

n3 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n5 is an integer ranging from 0 to3, and n3+n5 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4,

n4 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n6 is an integer ranging from 0 to3, and n4+n6 is an integer ranging from 1 to 4;

wherein, in Chemical Formula 8,

R¹⁴ is O, S, C(═O), CH(OH), S(═O)₂, Si(CH₃)₂, (CH₂)_(p) (wherein,1≤p≤10), (CF₂)_(q) (wherein, 1≤q≤10), C(CH₃)₂, C(CF₃)₂, C(═O)NH, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C6 to C18 aromatic organic group, whereinthe C6 to C18 aromatic organic group is present as a single aromaticring, a fused ring including two or more aromatic rings, or a ringsystem including two or more of the single aromatic ring and/or thefused ring that are linked by a single bond, or a functional groupselected from a fluorenylene group, O, S, C(═O), CH(OH), S(═O)₂,Si(CH₃)₂, (CH₂)_(p) (wherein, 1≤p≤10), (CF₂)_(q) (wherein, 1≤q≤10),C(CH₃)₂, C(CF₃)₂, or C(═O)NH,

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²¹², wherein R²¹² is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²¹³R²¹⁴R²¹⁵, wherein R²¹³,R²¹⁴, and R²¹⁵ are the same or different and are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group, and

n9 and n10 are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

The polymer according to an embodiment may be a product of reactantsincluding at least one of the diamine represented by Chemical Formula 7and the diamine represented by Chemical Formula 8, wherein the diaminerepresented by Chemical Formula 7 includes2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFDB) and the diamine represented byChemical Formula 8 includes 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DADPS).

When the polymer according to an embodiment is prepared by reacting themonomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 with TFDB as diamine, thefirst imide structural unit may include a structural unit represented byChemical Formula 16:

When the polymer according to an embodiment is prepared by reacting themonomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 with DADPS as diamine, thefirst imide structural unit may include a structural unit represented byChemical Formula 17:

In Chemical Formula 16 and Chemical Formula 17, R^(a), A¹, L¹, m, n, R¹,R², o and p are the same as defined in Chemical Formula 1.

The polymer according to an embodiment may be a product of reactantsincluding a compound represented by Chemical Formula 9 as a dianhydridecompound in addition to the monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1according to an embodiment:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 9,

R¹⁰ is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —CH(OH)—, —C(═O)NH—, —S(═O)₂—,—Si(CH₃)₂—, —(CH₂)_(p)—, —(CF₂)_(q)—, —C(C_(n)H_(2n+1))₂—,—C(C_(n)F_(2n+1))₂—, —(CH₂)_(p)—C(C_(n)H_(2n+1))₂—(CH₂)_(q)—, or—(CH₂)_(p)—C(C_(n)F_(2n+1))₂—(CH₂)_(q)— (wherein 1≤n≤10, 1≤p≤10, and1≤q≤10),

R¹² and R¹³ are independently a halogen, a hydroxy group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, a substituted orunsubstituted C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, a —OR²⁰¹ group (whereinR²⁰¹ is a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), or a —SiR²¹⁰R²¹¹R²¹²(wherein R²¹⁰, R²¹¹, and R²¹² are independently hydrogen or a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group) group, and

n7 and n8 are independently one of integers of 0 to 3.

The dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 9 may includedianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 10, dianhydride representedby Chemical Formula 11, or a combination thereof:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 10 and Chemical Formula 11,

R¹² and R¹³ are the same or different and are independently a halogen, ahydroxy group, an alkoxy group (—OR²⁰⁸, wherein R²⁰⁸ is a C1 to C10aliphatic organic group), a silyl group (—SiR²⁰⁹R²¹⁰R²¹¹, wherein R²⁰⁹,R²¹⁰, and R²¹¹ are the same or different and are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C10 aliphatic organic group), a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 aliphatic organic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6to C20 aromatic organic group, and

n7 and n8 are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3.

When the polymer according to an embodiment is a product of reactantsthat further includes the dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 9,the polymer may further include a second imide structural unitrepresented by Chemical Formula 18:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 18, R¹⁰, R¹², R¹³, n7, and n8 are the sameas defined in Chemical Formula 9 and R^(c) is the same as defined inChemical Formula 5.

The second imide structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 18 mayinclude a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 19, astructural unit represented by Chemical Formula 20, or a combinationthereof:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 19 and Chemical Formula 20, R¹², R¹³, n7,and n8 are the same as defined in Chemical Formula 9 and R^(c) is thesame as defined in Chemical Formula 5.

The polymer according to an embodiment may be a product of reactantsthat further include a dicarboxylic acid derivative represented byChemical Formula 12:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 12,

R³ is at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group anda substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene group, and X's areindependently the same or different halogen atom.

In Chemical Formula 12, R³ may be at least one of an unsubstitutedphenylene group and an unsubstituted biphenylene group, and X's mayindependently be Cl or Br.

When the polymer according to an embodiment is a product of reactantsthat further includes the dicarboxylic acid derivative represented byChemical Formula 12, the dicarboxylic acid derivative may react with thediamine represented by Chemical Formula 5 to form an amide structuralunit represented by Chemical Formula 21:

In Chemical Formula 21, R^(c) is the same as defined in Chemical Formula5 and R³ is the same as defined in Chemical Formula 12.

In an exemplary embodiment, the polymer according to the embodiment is aproduct of reactants including TFDB as diamine and terephthaloylchloride (TPCl) wherein R³ is a phenylene group and X is Cl as thedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by Chemical Formula 3, and thestructural unit represented by Chemical Formula 21 may include astructural unit represented by Chemical Formula 22:

In an exemplary embodiment, the polymer according to the embodiment is aproduct of reactants including DADPS as diamine and terephthaloylchloride (TPCl) wherein R³ is a phenylene group and X is Cl as thedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by Chemical Formula 3, and thestructural unit represented by Chemical Formula 21 may include astructural unit represented by Chemical Formula 23:

The polymer may be a product of reactants including the monomeraccording to an embodiment, for example, the monomer represented byChemical Formula 3, the monomer represented by Chemical Formula 4, or acombination thereof and the dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula9, for example, the dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 10, thedianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 11, or a combination thereofin a mole ratio of about 90:10 to about 10:90, for example, a mole ratioof about 85:15 to about 15:85, for example, a mole ratio of about 20:80to about 80:20, for example, a mole ratio of about 25:75 to about 75:25,for example, a mole ratio of about 30:70 to about 70:30, for example, amole ratio of about 35:65 to about 65:35, for example, a mole ratio ofabout 40:60 to about 60:40, for example, a mole ratio of about 45:55 toabout 55:45, for example a mole ratio of about 50:50.

A polyimide-based polymer having desired optical properties and highheat resistance may be prepared by appropriately adjusting a ratio ofthe monomer according to an embodiment and dianhydride represented byChemical Formula 9.

The polymer may be for example formed as a film, and thus, used as apolymer film. The polymer film may be for example transparent, and thus,used for any use requiring transparency. The polymer film may be forexample used for various uses such as a substrate, a protective film, acompensation film, an optical film, a dielectric layer, an insulationlayer, an adhesive layer, and the like.

Hereinafter, a compensation film according to an embodiment isdescribed.

A compensation film according to an embodiment includes the polymer.

That is, the compensation film according to an embodiment may include apolyimide-based polymer including a first imide structural unitrepresented by Chemical Formula 13, such as, at least one of ChemicalFormulae 14 to 17 prepared by reacting the monomer according to anembodiment, that is, the monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 witha diamine.

Or, the compensation film may further include a polyimide-based polymerthat is a product of reactants including an additional dianhydride, thedianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 9 in addition to the monomerrepresented by Chemical Formula 1 and the polymer may further include asecond imide structural unit represented by at least one of ChemicalFormula 18, such as, at least one of Chemical Formulae 19, and 20 inaddition to the first imide structural unit.

Furthermore, the compensation film may include a poly(amide-imide)polymer that is a product of reactants further including thedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by Chemical Formula 12 and thepolymer may further include an amide structural unit represented byChemical Formula 21, such as, at least one of Chemical Formulae 22 and23 in addition to the first imide structural unit.

In an exemplary embodiment, the compensation film may include apoly(amide-imide) copolymer including all of a first imide structuralunit represented by Chemical Formula 13, such as, at least one ofChemical Formulae 14 to 17, a second imide structural unit representedby Chemical Formula 18, such as, at least one of Chemical Formulae 19and 20, and an amide structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 21,such as, at least one of Chemical Formulae 22 and 23.

A polymer according to an embodiment may include, if necessary, astructural unit that is a reaction product of additional non-limitingmonomers, dianhydride, diamine, and/or, dicarboxylic acid derivatives,along with the first imide structural unit in addition to the structuralunit. The additional monomers, dianhydride, diamine and/or dicarboxylicacid derivatives, have no particular limit, but may be used along withany other kinds which may reinforce a function of an articlemanufactured from a polymer or a copolymer formed thereof, for example,an optical film, for example, a compensation film.

A film formed of the polymer according to an embodiment may have highthermal stability, for example, a high glass transition temperature ofgreater than or equal to about 150° C., for example, greater than orequal to about 160° C., for example, greater than or equal to about 170°C., for example, greater than or equal to about 180° C., for example,greater than or equal to about 190° C., for example, greater than orequal to about 200° C., for example, greater than or equal to about 210°C., for example, greater than or equal to about 220° C., for example,greater than or equal to about 230° C., for example, greater than orequal to about 240° C., and for example, greater than or equal to about250° C.

In addition, the film formed of the polymer according to an embodimentmay have excellent optical characteristic, for example, high lighttransmittance at about 450 nanometers (nm), for example, transmittanceof greater than or equal to about 85 percent (%), for example, greaterthan or equal to about 86%, for example, greater than or equal to about87%, for example, greater than or equal to about 88%, for example,greater than or equal to about 89%, and for example, greater than orequal to about 90%.

In addition, the film formed of the polymer according to an embodimentmay have a high out-of-plane birefringence, for example, greater than orequal to about 0.03, for example, greater than or equal to about 0.04,for example, greater than or equal to about 0.05, for example, greaterthan or equal to about 0.06, for example, greater than or equal to about0.07, for example, greater than or equal to about 0.08, for example,greater than or equal to about 0.09 at a thin film thickness of lessthan or equal to about 100 micrometers (μm), for example, less than orequal to about 90 μm, for example, less than or equal to about 80 μm,for example, less than or equal to about 70 μm, for example, less thanor equal to about 60 μm, for example, less than or equal to about 50 μm,for example, less than or equal to about 40 μm, for example, less thanor equal to about 30 μm, for example, less than or equal to about 20 μm.

In other words, the film formed of the polymer according to anembodiment shows high thermal stability, for example, a high glasstransition temperature and excellent optical characteristics, forexample, high light transmittance and high out-of-plane birefringence at450 nm, particularly, a high out-of-plane birefringence at a thin filmthickness of less than or equal to about 100 μm, and thus, may be usedas an optical film such as a compensation film and the like.

When the film is used as a compensation film, the compensation film mayhave a predetermined retardation by changing light absorptioncharacteristics depending on a refractive index and a wavelength.

A retardation (R) of the compensation film may be represented by anin-plane retardation (R_(o)) and a thickness direction retardation(R_(th)). The in-plane retardation (R_(o)) of compensation film is aretardation generated in in-plane of the compensation film and may berepresented by R_(o)=(n_(x)−n_(y))d. The thickness direction retardation(R_(th)) of the compensation film is a retardation generated in athickness direction of the compensation film and may be represented byR_(th)={[(n_(x)+n_(y))/2]−n_(z)}d. Herein, n_(x) is a refractive indexin a direction having a highest in-plane refractive index in a plane ofthe compensation film (hereinafter, referred to as a ‘slow axis’), n_(y)is a refractive index in a direction having a lowest in-plane refractiveindex in a plane of the compensation film (hereinafter, referred to as a‘fast axis’), n_(z) is a refractive index in a direction perpendicularto the slow axis and the fast axis of the compensation film, and d is athickness of the compensation film.

The compensation film may have predetermined in-plane retardation andthickness direction retardation by changing the n_(x), n_(y), n_(z),and/or thickness (d).

The retardation of the compensation film may be the same or differentdepending on a wavelength.

For example, the compensation film may have a forward wavelengthdispersion retardation wherein a retardation about light at a shortwavelength is larger than a retardation about light at a longwavelength. When a 550 nm wavelength is a reference wavelength, forexample retardations (R) at 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm wavelengths ofthe compensation film may satisfy Relationship Equation 1 or 2.R(450 nm)≥R(550 nm)≥R(650 nm)  Relationship Equation 1R(450 nm)≥_(R)(550 nm)≥_(R)(650 nm)  Relationship Equation 2

For example, the compensation film may have a flat wavelength dispersionretardation wherein a retardation about light at a long wavelength issubstantially equivalent to a retardation about light at a shortwavelength and retardations (R) at 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nmwavelengths of the compensation film may satisfy Relationship Equation3.R(450 nm)=R(550 nm)=R(650 nm)  Relationship Equation 3

For example, the compensation film may have a reverse wavelengthdispersion retardation wherein a retardation about light at a longwavelength is larger than a retardation about light at a shortwavelength and for example retardations (R) at 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650nm wavelengths of the compensation film may satisfy RelationshipEquation 4 or 5.R(450 nm)≤R(550 nm)≤R(650 nm)  Relationship Equation 4R(450 nm)<R(550 nm)≤R(650 nm)  Relationship Equation 5

In Relationship Equations 1 to 5,

R(450 nm) is an in-plane retardation or a thickness directionretardation of the compensation film at a 450 nm wavelength,

R(550 nm) is an in-plane retardation or a thickness directionretardation of the compensation film at a 550 nm wavelength, and

R(650 nm) is an in-plane retardation or a thickness directionretardation of the compensation film at a 650 nm wavelength.

The compensation film may be adjusted to have a desired retardationdepending on a wavelength.

The compensation film may have high birefringence, and thus, arelatively thin thickness. The compensation film may have, for example,a thickness of about 3 μm to about 200 μm, within the range, a thicknessof about 5 μm to about 150 μm, and within the range, a thickness ofabout 5 μm to about 100 μm.

The compensation film includes a substantially transparent polymer, andthus, may be used as a substrate, and accordingly, a separate substratebeneath the compensation film may be omitted. Accordingly, a thicknessof the compensation film may be further reduced. Accordingly, thecompensation film may be effectively applied to a flexible displaydevice such as a foldable display device or a bendable display device,and thus, improve optical properties and display characteristics.

The compensation film may be formed, for example, through preparation ofthe monomer according to an embodiment, polymerization of the monomerinto a polymer, formation of the polymer into a polymer film, andelongation of the polymer film.

The polymer film may be elongated, for example, at an elongation rate ofabout 110% to about 1,000% at about 50° C. to about 500° C. Herein, theelongation rate indicates a length ratio after and before theelongation, that is, a degree of length increase of the polymer filmafter elongation in a uniaxial direction. For example, the polymer filmmay be elongated in a uniaxial direction.

The compensation film may be used alone or along with other compensationfilms.

The compensation film may be used with a polarizer and may be used as anoptical film to prevent reflection of external light of a displaydevice. The optical film may be for example an anti-reflective film, butis not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical film accordingto an embodiment, FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the external lightanti-reflection principle of an optical film, and FIG. 3 is a schematicview showing an embodiment of a polarizing film.

Referring to FIG. 1, an optical film 100 according to an embodimentincludes a polarizer 110 and a compensation film 120. The compensationfilm 120 may circularly polarize light passing the polarizer 110 togenerate retardation and may have an effect on reflection and/orabsorption of light.

For example, the optical film 100 may be formed on one surface or bothsurfaces of a display device and particularly on the screen side of thedisplay device, and thus, may prevent reflection of light inflowing fromthe outside (hereinafter referred to as “external light”). Accordingly,visibility deterioration due to reflection of external light may beprevented.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the external light anti-reflectionprinciple of an optical film.

Referring to FIG. 2, while the incident unpolarized light having enteredfrom the outside is passed through the polarizer 110, only a firstpolarized perpendicular component, which is one polarized perpendicularcomponent of two polarized perpendicular components, is transmitted, andthe polarized light is shifted into circularly polarized light bypassing through the compensation film 120. While the circularlypolarized light is reflected in a display panel 50 including asubstrate, an electrode, and so on, and changes to the circularpolarization direction, and the circularly polarized light is passedthrough the compensation film 120 again, only a second polarizedperpendicular component, which is the other polarized perpendicularcomponent of the two polarized perpendicular components, may betransmitted. As the second polarized perpendicular component is notpassed through the polarizer 110, and light does not exit to theoutside, effects of preventing the external light reflection may beprovided.

The polarizer 110 may be for example a polarizing plate or a polarizingfilm.

Referring to FIG. 3, the polarizer 110 may be a polarizing film havingan integral structure that is made of for example a melt blend of apolymer resin 71 and a dichroic dye 72.

The polymer resin 71 may be for example a hydrophobic polymer resin, forexample polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and acopolymer thereof; polyamide such as nylon and aromatic polyamide;polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polyethyleneterephthalate glycole (PETG), and polyethylenenaphthalate(PEN); polyacryl, such as polymethyl(meth)acrylate, polystyrenes (PS)such as an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer; polycarbonate; a vinylchloride-based resin; polyimide; a sulfone resin; polyethersulfone;polyether-etherketone; polyphenylene sulfide; a polyvinyl alcohol resin;a vinylidene chloride resin; a polyvinyl butyral resin; an allylateresin; polyoxymethylene; epoxy resin, a copolymer thereof, or acombination thereof.

Among them, the polymer resin 71 may be for example a polyolefin resin,a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, a polyacrylic resin, a polystyreneresin, a copolymer thereof, or a combination thereof, for examplepolyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polyethylene terephthalate glycole (PETG), polyethylene naphthalate(PEN), nylon, a copolymer thereof, or a combination thereof.

Among them, the polymer resin 71 may be polyolefin. The polyolefin maybe for example a mixture of at least two selected from polyethylene(PE), polypropylene (PP), a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene(PE-PP), and may be for example a mixture of polypropylene (PP) and apolyethylene-polypropylene copolymer (PE-PP).

The polymer resin 71 may have transmittance of greater than or equal toabout 85% in a wavelength region of about 400 nm to 780 nm. The polymerresin 71 may be elongated in a uniaxial direction. The uniaxialdirection may be the same as a length direction of the dichroic dye 72that will be described later.

The dichroic dye 72 is dispersed in the polymer resin 71 and aligned inone direction along the elongation direction of the polymer resin 71.The dichroic dye 72 transmits one perpendicular polarization componentout of two perpendicular polarization components in a predeterminedwavelength region.

The dichroic dye 72 may be included in an amount of about 0.01 to about5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer resin 71.Within the range, sufficient polarization characteristics may beobtained without deteriorating transmittance of a polarization film.Within the above range, the dichroic dye 72 may be included in an amountof about 0.05 to about 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight ofthe polymer resin 71.

The polarizer 110 may have a relatively thin thickness of less than orequal to about 100 μm, for example, about 30 μm to about 95 μm. When thepolarizing film 70 has a thickness with the range, the polarizer 110 isrelatively thinner than a polyvinyl alcohol polarizing plate requiring aprotective layer such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and thus, mayrealize a thin display device.

The compensation film 120 is the same as described above.

The optical film 100 may further include a correction layer (not shown)disposed on one surface of the compensation film 120. The correctionlayer may be for example a color shift resistant layer, but is notlimited thereto.

The optical film 100 may further include a light blocking layer (notshown) extended along the edge. The light blocking layer may be extendedalong the circumference of the optical film 100 and may be for exampledisposed between the polarizer 110 and the compensation film 120. Thelight blocking layer may include an opaque material, for example, ablack material. For example, the light blocking layer may be made of ablack ink.

The optical film 100 may be applied to various display devices.

A display device according to an embodiment includes a display panel andan optical film disposed on one surface of the display panel. Thedisplay panel may be a liquid crystal panel or an organic light emittingpanel, but is not limited thereto.

Hereinafter, for one example of the display device, an organic lightemitting diode (OLED) display is described.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emittingdiode (OLED) display according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) displayaccording to an embodiment includes an organic light emitting panel 400and an optical film 100 disposed on one surface of the organic lightemitting panel 400.

The organic light emitting panel 400 may include a base substrate 410, alower electrode 420, an organic emission layer 430, an upper electrode440, and an encapsulation substrate 450.

The base substrate 410 may be made of glass or a plastic.

One of the lower electrode 420 and the upper electrode 440 may be ananode and the other may be a cathode. The anode may be an electrode intowhich holes are injected and may be made of a transparent conductivematerial having a high work function and passing the emitted lightexternally, for example ITO or IZO.

The cathode is an electrode into which electrons are injected and may bemade of a conducting material having a low work function and having noeffect on an organic material, for example aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca),and barium (Ba).

The organic emission layer 430 includes an organic material which mayemit light when applying a voltage to the lower electrode 420 and theupper electrode 440.

An auxiliary layer (not shown) may be further provided between the lowerelectrode 420 and the organic emission layer 430 and between the upperelectrode 440 and the organic emission layer 430. The auxiliary layermay include a hole transporting layer, a hole injecting layer, anelectron injecting layer, and an electron transporting layer in order tobalance electrons and holes.

The encapsulation substrate 450 may be made of glass, a metal, or apolymer, and may seal the lower electrode 420, the organic emissionlayer 430, and the upper electrode 440 to prevent moisture and/or oxygeninflow from the outside.

The optical film 100 may be disposed at a light emitting side. Forexample, in the case of a bottom emission structure emitting light atthe side of the base substrate 410, the optical film 100 may be disposedon the exterior side of the base substrate 710, while on the other hand,in the case of a top emission structure emitting light at the side ofthe encapsulation substrate 450, the optical film 100 may be disposed onthe exterior side of the encapsulation substrate 450.

The optical film 100 may include the integral structured polarizer 110and the integrally structured compensation film 120. The polarizer 110and the compensation film 120 are the same as described above and mayprevent light passing the polarizer 110 from being reflected by a metalsuch as an electrode of the organic light emitting panel 400 andemitting outside of the organic light emitting device, and thus,prevents visibility from being deteriorated by externally inflow light.Therefore, display characteristics of the organic light emitting diode(OLED) display may be improved.

Hereinafter, for one example of the display device, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) is described.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display(LCD) according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 5, a liquid crystal display (LCD) according to anembodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 500 and an optical film 100positioned on one surface or both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel500.

The liquid crystal panel 500 may be a twist nematic (TN) mode panel, avertical alignment (PVA) mode panel, an in-plane switching (IPS) modepanel, an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode panel, or the like.

The liquid crystal panel 500 may include a first display panel 510, asecond display panel 520, and a liquid crystal layer 530 interposedbetween the first display panel 510 and the second display panel 520.

The first display panel 510 may include, for example, a thin filmtransistor (not shown) formed on a substrate (not shown) and a firstelectric field generating electrode (not shown) connected to the same,and the second display panel 520 may include, for example, a colorfilter (not shown) formed on a substrate (not shown) and a secondelectric field generating electrode (not shown). However, it is notlimited thereto, and the color filter may be included in the firstdisplay panel 510, while the first electric field generating electrodeand the second electric field generating electrode may be disposed onthe first display panel 510 together.

The liquid crystal layer 530 may include a plurality of liquid crystalmolecules. The liquid crystal molecules may have positive or negativedielectric anisotropy. In the case of the liquid crystal moleculeshaving positive dielectric anisotropy, the major axes thereof may bealigned substantially parallel to the surface of the first display panel510 and the second display panel 520 when not applying an electricfield, and the major axes may be aligned substantially perpendicular tothe surface of the first display panel 510 and second display panel 520when applying an electric field. On the contrary, in the case of theliquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, themajor axes may be aligned substantially perpendicular to the surface ofthe first display panel 510 and the second display panel 520 when notapplying an electric field, and the major axes may be alignedsubstantially parallel to the surface of the first display panel 510 andthe second display panel 520 when applying an electric field.

The optical film 100 may be disposed on the outside of the liquidcrystal panel 500. Although the optical film 100 is shown to be providedon both the lower part and the upper part of the liquid crystal panel500 in the drawing, it is not limited thereto, and it may be formed ononly one of the lower part and the upper part of the liquid crystalpanel 500.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure is illustrated in more detail withreference to examples. However, these examples are exemplary, and thepresent disclosure is not limited thereto.

EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 20: Synthesis of Monomer Example 1: Synthesis ofCompound M-1

Compound M-1 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-1, and a methodof preparing Intermediate I-1 and Compound M-1 as a final product isclassified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-1 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid benzylester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=77.06 grams (gr), 0.5 moles (mol),mw=154.13 grams per mole (g/mol)), benzylbromide (m=85.52 gr, 0.5 mol,mw=171.04 g/mol), and potassium hydrogen carbonate (m=100.12 gr, 1 mol,mw=100.12 g/mol) are added to 0.5 liters (L) of dimethyl acetamide(DMAC), and the mixture is stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C.for 24 hours. When a reaction is to complete, the mixture is poured into3 L of water, and the obtained mixture is stirred. The reactant is oilyduring the initial reaction but gradually becomes solid. Subsequently,the solid is filtered and washed and then, dried at 80° C. to obtainIntermediate I-1 (m=119.7 gr, 0.49 mol, mw=244.25 g/mol) in an off-whitepowder state (yield: 98.0%).

R_(f)=0.60 (Eluent:ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.37 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz),6.99 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.35-7.50(m, 5H), 9.25 (br s, 1H, OH), 9.89 (br s, 1H, OH).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-1 (bis-trimellitic Acid Anhydride Esterof benzyl-2,5-dihydroxy-benzoate)

Trimellitic anhydride chloride (m=115.8 gr, 0.55 mol, mw=210.57 g/mol)is added to 1.5 L of acetonitrile and dissolved therein at 100° C., andIntermediate I-1 (m=61.06 gr, 0.25 mol, mw=244.2 g/mol) is added to thesolution. Then, another solution obtained by dissolving triethylamine in200 milliliters (mL) of acetonitrile (m=55.65 gr, 0.55 mol, mw=101.19g/mol) is added to the reaction mixture in a dropwise fashion at 100°C., and the obtained mixture is vigorously stirred for 30 minutes.Subsequently, the resulting material is refluxed for 4 hours andfiltered in a hot state to remove an insoluble material, and thefiltered solution is cooled down to room temperature to obtain a whitecrystalline precipitate. The precipitate is filtered and washed with asmall amount of acetonitrile, and a white solid obtained therefrom istwice recrystallized with 1.5 L of acetonitrile, while acetic anhydride(m=102.09 gr, 1 mol, mw=102.09 g/mol) is added thereto. The crystallizedsolid is washed with a small amount of acetonitrile, dried at 90° C.under vacuum for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-1 (m=118.5 gr, 0.2 mmol,mw=592.48 g/mol) as a white crystalline solid (yield: 80%). ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.21 (s, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.67 (d, 1H,J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.14 (d, 1H, J¹³=2.7Hz), 8.24 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J¹⁴=0.6 Hz), 8.30 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz),8.46-8.47 (m, 1H), 8.55 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J¹³=1.5 Hz), 8.65-8.68 (m,2H);

HRMS APCI (m/z) for C₃₂H₁₆O₁₂: 592.0607 (measured mass), 592.0643(calculated mass) for [M+H]⁺;

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating: 10 degrees Centigrade per minute (°C./min), N₂ atmosphere): 1 percent by weight (wt %) loss (268° C.); and

DSC (heating: 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=105.1° C. (CrN), 195.5° C.(NI).

Example 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-2

Compound M-2 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-2, and a methodof preparing Intermediates I-2a and I-2b and Compound M-2 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 to 3 and illustrated indetail:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-2a (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-bromobenzyl ester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.13 g/mol, v=101 mmol, m=15.57 gr),1-bromo-4-bromomethylbenzene (mw=249.93 g/mol, v=101 mmol, m=25.25 gr),and potassium hydrogen carbonate (mw=100.12 g/mol, v=303 mmol, m=30.35gr) are added to 150 mL of dimethyl acetamide (DMAC), and the mixture isstirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours. When areaction is complete, the resultant is poured into 2 L of water, and theobtained mixture is vigorously stirred. A precipitate therein isfiltered and thoroughly washed with water. Subsequently, the precipitateis dried at 80° C. for 24 hours under a reduced pressure to obtainIntermediate I-2a (mw=323.15 g/mol, v=99.4 mmol, m=32.13 gr) in a whitepowder state (a yield: 98.4%). R_(f)=0.4(Eluent:ethylacetate:hexane=1:4, TLC silica gel 60 F254);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.33 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J12=9 Hz),6.98 (dd, 1H, J12=9 Hz, J13=3.0 Hz), 7.17 (d, 1H, J13=3.0 Hz), 7.45 (d,2H, J12=8.4 Hz), 7.62 (d, 2H, J12=8.4 Hz), 9.20 (s, 1H, OH), 9.89 (s,1H, OH).

Step 2: Synthesis of Intermediate I-2b (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(phenylethynyl)benzyl ester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-bromobenzyl ester (m=45.24 gr, 140 mmol,mw=323.15 g/mol) and phenylacetylene (m=21.45 gr, 210 mmol, mw=102.13g/mol) are added to a mixed solvent of 0.3 L of triethylamine and 0.3 Lof dimethyl acetamide and then, dissolved therein in a 1 L 3-neckedround-bottomed flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet and a condenser. Thesolution is stirred and purged with dried nitrogen gas for 1 hour.Subsequently, the solution is stirred while palladium(II) chloride(m=0.75 gr, 4.2 mmol, mw=177.33 g/mol), copper(I) iodide (m=1.6 gr, 8.4mol, mw=190.45 g/mol) and triphenylphosphine (m=4.77 gr, 18.3 mol,mw=262.45 g/mol) are added thereto. Then, nitrogen gas is additionallyinjected thereinto for 10 minutes, a nitrogen outlet is closed, and themixture is maintained under nitrogen at 90° C. for 24 hours whilestirred. When a reaction is complete, the triethylamine is evaporatedunder a reduced pressure to obtain a crude product as a brown solid. Thecrude product is washed with water and dissolved in 1.5 L of hotmethanol and then, treated with charcoal and filtered. The methanol isevaporated under a reduced pressure, and a solid obtained therefrom isthree times crystallized with iso-propanol. Subsequently, the solid isdried under vacuum at 75° C. for 24 hours to obtain Intermediate I-2b(m=25 gr, 72.6 mmol, mw=344.37 g/mol) in a light brown powder (a yield:51.9%).

R_(f)=0.59 (Eluent:ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄); and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.41 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz),6.99 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.42-7.45(m, 3H), 7.51-7.63 (m, 6H), 9.22 (s, 1H, OH), 9.91 (s, 1H, OH).

Step 3: Synthesis of Monomer M-2 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(phenylethynyl)benzyl ester)

Monomer M-2 is synthesized in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (m=30.2 gr, 143.4 mmol, mw=210.57g/mol), Intermediate I-2b (m=22.45 gr, 65.2 mmol, mw=344.32 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=14.5 gr, 143.4 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) to 800 mL ofacetonitrile and then, reacting them. Then, a solid crystallized thereinis twice recrystallized with acetonitrile while acetic anhydride isadded to the reactant, washed with a small amount of acetonitrile, anddried under vacuum at 90° C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-2 (m=36.4gr, 52.6 mmol, mw=692.60 g/mol) in a white solid state (a yield: 80.6%).¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.23 (s, 2H), 7.29 (s, 4H), 7.44-7.47(m, 3H), 7.53-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.86 (dd, 1H,J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.16 (d, 1H, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.22 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4Hz), 8.30 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.50 (dd, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz,J¹³=1.5 Hz), 8.65-8.69 (m, 2H);

HRMS APCI (m/z) for C₄₀H₂₀O₁₂: 692.0899 (measured mass), 692.0955(calculated mass) for [M+H]⁺; thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min,N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss (301° C.); and DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂atmosphere): mp=249.8° C.

Example 3: Synthesis of Monomer M-3

Compound M-3 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-3, and a methodof preparing Intermediate I-3 and Compound M-3 as a final product isclassified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-3 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-fluorobenzyl ester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=17.94 gr, 116.4 mmol, mw=154.13 g/mol),4-fluorobenzylbromide (m=22 gr, 116.4 mmol, mw=189.02 g/mol), andpotassium hydrogen carbonate (m=24 gr, 240 mol, mw=100.12 g/mol) areadded to 0.1 L of dimethyl acetamide, and the mixture is reacted under anitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours to obtain Intermediate I-3(m=29.63 gr, 113 mmol, mw=262.24 g/mol) as a white solid (a yield:97.1%) according to a similar method to that of Intermediate I-1.

R_(f)=0.58 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄); ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.35 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz),6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.16 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.22-7.28(m, 2H), 7.52-7.57 (m, 2H), 9.19 (s, 1H, OH), 9.92 (s, 1H, OH).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-3 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-fluorobenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-3 (m=28.97 gr, 110.47 mmol, mw=262.24 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=51.2 gr, 243 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=24.55 gr, 243 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 800 mLof acetonitrile to synthesize a product in a similar method to that ofMonomer M-1, the product is twice recrystallized with acetonitrile whileacetic anhydride is added thereto, and a solid crystallized therein iswashed with a small amount of acetonitrile and dried under vacuum 90° C.for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-3 (m=35 gr, 57.3 mmol, mw=610.47 g/mol)in a white solid state (a yield: 51.9%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ,ppm: 5.19 (s, 2H), 6.99-7.04 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, 1H,J¹²=9 Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=3 Hz), 8.13 (d, 1H, J¹³=2.7Hz), 8.24 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.30 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.43-8.44 (m,1H), 8.52 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J¹³=1.5 Hz), 8.65-8.67 (m, 2H);

HRMS APCI (m/z) for C₃₂H₁₅FO₁₂: 610.0507 (measured mass), 610.0548(calculated mass) for [M+H]⁺;

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(281° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=219.9° C.

Example 4: Synthesis of Monomer M-4

Compound M-4 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-4, and a methodof manufacturing Intermediates I-2a and I-4 and Compound M-4 as a finalproduct are respectively classified into Steps 1 to 3 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-2a (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-bromobenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-2a is synthesized according to the same method as Step 1of Synthesis Example 2.

Step 2: Synthesis of Intermediate I-4 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(4-phenylethynyl-phenylethynyl)benzyl ester)

Intermediate I-2a (m=32 gr, 99 mmol, mw=323.15 g/mol) and1-ethynyl-4-phenylethynylbenzene (m=20.63 gr, 102 mmol, mw=202.26 g/mol)are added to 0.5 L of triethylamine and dissolved therein in 1 L3-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet and acondenser.

The solution is stirred and then, purged with dry nitrogen gas for 1hour. Subsequently, palladium chloride (II) (m=0.35 gr, 2 mmol,mw=177.33 g/mol), copper (I) iodide (m=0.76 gr, 4 mmol, mw=190.45g/mol), and triphenylphosphine (m=2.1 gr, 8 mmol, mw=262.45 g/mol) areadded thereto. Subsequently, after additionally injecting nitrogen gasfor 10 minutes and closing a nitrogen outlet, the mixture is maintainedunder nitrogen at 80° C. for 24 hours while stirred. When the reactionis complete, triethylamine is evaporated under a reduced pressure toobtain a crude product as a brown solid. The crude product is purifiedby being suspended in 400 mL of methanol, boiled for 30 minutes, cooleddown to room temperature, and filtered. This process is repeated threetimes. Herein, the first mother solution appears saturated brown andincludes some precipitate, the second mother solution appears lightbrown and includes tiny amount of precipitate, and the last mothersolution appears light yellow. The finally purified product in a lightbrown powder state is dried under vacuum at 75° C. for 24 hours toobtain Intermediate I-4 (m=32.1 gr, 72.2 mmol, mw=444.49 g/mol) in alight brown state (a yield: 73.0%).

R_(f)=0.59 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.41 (s, 2H), 6.82 (d, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz),6.97 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.44-7.46(m, 3H), 7.53-7.65 (m, 10H), 9.23 (s, 1H, OH), 9.91 (s, 1H, OH).

Step 3: Synthesis of Monomer M-4 (bis-trimellitic Acid Anhydride Esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(4-phenylethynyl-phenylethynyl)benzylester)

Intermediate I-4 (m=12 gr, 27 mmol, mw=444.49 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=12.5 gr, 59.4 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=6 gr, 59.4 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 800 mL ofacetonitrile for a reaction to synthesize Monomer M-4 in a similarmethod to that of Monomer M-1.

When a reaction is complete, a product therefrom is twice recrystallizedwith acetonitrile while acetic anhydride is added thereto, and a solidcrystallized therein is washed with a small amount of acetonitrile anddried under vacuum at 90° C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-4 (m=15.1gr, 19 mmol, mw=792.72 g/mol) as a brownish solid (a yield: 70.4%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.23 (s, 2H), 7.30 (s, 4H), 7.44-7.47(m, 3H), 7.58-7.67 (m, 7H), 7.86 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.18(d, 1H, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.23 (d, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz), 8.30 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz),8.37 (s, 1H), 8.50 (dd, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz, J=0.9 Hz), 8.66-8.69 (m, 2H);

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(261° C.);

DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=254.7° C.

Example 5: Synthesis of Monomer M-5

Compound M-5 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-5, and a methodof preparing Intermediate I-5 and Compound M-5 as a final product isrespectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail asfollows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-5 (2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid4-phenylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=15.41 gr, 100 mmol, mw=154.12 g/mol),4-chloromethyl-N-phenyl-benzamide (m=24.57 gram, 100 mmol, mw=245.71g/mol), and potassium hydrogen carbonate (m=30 gr, 300 mmol, mw=100.12g/mol) are added to 0.2 L of dimethyl acetamide (DMAC), and the mixtureis reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours tosynthesize a product in a similar method to that of Intermediate I-1 andcrystallized with acetone/iso-propanol to obtain Intermediate I-5(m=27.3 gr, 75 mmol, mw=363.37 g/mol) in a white solid state (a yield:75.0%).

R_(f)=0.75 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:1, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄);and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.46 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz),6.99 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.08-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H,J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.33-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.78 (d, 2H,J¹²=7.8 Hz), 7.99 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 9.23 (s, 1H, OH), 9.90 (s, 1H,OH), 10.27 (s, 1H, NH).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-5 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-phenylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-5 (m=19 gr, 52.2 mmol, mw=363.37 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=24.2 gr, 114.9 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=11.6 gr, 114.9 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 1 Lof acetonitrile, and the mixture is reacted in a similar method to thatof monomer M-1 to obtain Monomer M-5. When a reaction is complete, aproduct therefrom is twice crystallized with acetonitrile while aceticanhydride is added thereto, and a solid crystallized therein is washedwith a small amount of acetonitrile and dried under vacuum at 90° C. for24 hours to obtain Monomer M-5 (m=26.3 gr, 37 mmol, mw=711.60 g/mol) ina white solid state (a yield: 70.9%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.30 (s, 2H), 7.09-7.14 (m, 1H),7.33-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.66 (d, 1H, J¹³=9 Hz), 7.71-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.86 (dd,1H, J¹²=9 Hz, J¹³=3 Hz), 8.18-8.20 (m, 2H), 8.30 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz),8.41 (s, 1H), 8.49 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J=1.5 Hz), 8.66-8.69 (m, 2H);

HRMS APCI (m/z) for C₃₉H₂₁NO₁₃: 712.1098 (measured mass), 712.1091(calculated mass) for [M+H]⁺; and

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(304° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=259° C.

Example 6: Synthesis of Monomer M-6

Compound M-6 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-6, and a methodof preparing Intermediate I-6 and Compound M-6 as a final product isclassified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-6 (2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid4-(4-phenylethynylphenoxycarbonyl)benzyl ester):

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=13.6 gr, 88.1 mmol, mw=154.12 g/mol),4-chloromethylbenzoic acid 4-phenylethynylphenyl ester (m=30.55 gr, 88.1mmol, mw=316.82 g/mol), and potassium hydrogen carbonate (m=26.5 gr,264.3 mmol, mw=100.12 g/mol) are added to 0.3 L of dimethyl acetamide,and the mixture is reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24hours in a similar method to that of Intermediate I-1 to obtainIntermediate I-6. The product is crystallized with acetone/iso-propanolto obtain Intermediate I-6 (m=27.9 gr, 60 mmol, mw=464.48 g/mol) in awhite solid state (a yield: 68.1%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.50 (s, 2H), 6.85 (d, 1H, J12=9 Hz),7.00 (dd, 1H, J12=9 Hz, J13=3.0 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1H, J13=3.0 Hz), 7.36-7.46(m, 5H), 7.56-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.74 (m, 4H), 8.15-8.20 (m, 2H), 9.23(s, 1H, OH), 9.89 (s, 1H, OH).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-6 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(4-phenylethynylphenoxycarbonyl)benzylester)

Intermediate I-6 (m=22.7 gr, 48.9 mmol, mw=464.48 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=22.6 gr, 107.5 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=10.9 gr, 107.5 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 1 Lof acetonitrile, and the mixture is reacted to synthesize Monomer M-6 ina similar method to that of Monomer M-1. When the reaction is complete,the product is twice crystallized with acetonitrile while aceticanhydride is added thereto, and a solid crystallized therein is washedwith a small amount of acetonitrile and then, dried under vacuum at 90°C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-6 (m=24.6 gr, 30.3 mmol, mw=812.71g/mol) in a white solid state (a yield: 62.0%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300MHz, δ, ppm: 5.33 (s, 2H), 7.37-7.68 (m, 11H), 7.87-7.93 (m, 3H),8.19-8.30 (m, 3H), 8.42 (brs, 1H), 8.53 (br s, 1H), 8.67 (br s, 1H).

Example 7: Synthesis of Monomer M-7

Compound M-7 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-7, and a methodof preparing Intermediate I-7 and Compound M-7 as a final product areclassified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-7 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-tert-butylbenzyl ester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=33.72 gr, 218.81 mmol, mw=154.12 g/mol),4-tert-butylbenzyl bromide (m=26.95 gr, 218.81 mmol, mw=227.14 g/mol),and potassium hydrogen carbonate (m=43.81 gr, 437.62 mmol, mw=100.12g/mol) are added to 0.3 L of dimethyl acetamide, and the mixture isreacted under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours in a similarmethod to that of Intermediate I-1 to obtain Intermediate I-7 (m=65 gr,216.41 mmol, mw=300.36 g/mol). Intermediate I-7 is in a yellowsolidified oil state at a low temperature (a yield: 98.9%).

R_(f)=0.79 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F254);and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 1.28 (s, 9H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d,1H, J12=9.0 Hz), 6.97 (dd, 1H, J12=9.0 Hz, J13=3.0 Hz), 7.18 (d, 1H,J13=3.0 Hz), 7.38-7.45 (m, 4H), 9.60 (br s, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-7 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-tert-butylbenzyl ester)

A Monomer M-7 solution is prepared in a similar method to that ofMonomer M-1 except for adding trimellitic anhydride chloride (m=99 gr,470 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), Intermediate I-7 (m=65.7 gr, 218.7 mmol,mw=300.36 g/mol), and triethylamine (m=47.5 gr, 470 mmol, mw=101.19g/mol) to 1.5 L of acetonitrile. When the solution is filtered in a hotstate to remove an insoluble material, a reaction product having lowsolubility in acetonitrile is immediately precipitated. The precipitateis twice refluxed for 2 hours with acetic anhydride (50 mL) dissolved inacetonitrile (800 mL). The solid is cooled down to room temperature andfiltered and then, washed with a small amount of acetonitrile and driedunder vacuum at 90° C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-7 (m=96.6 gr,148.9 mmol, mw=648.59 g/mol) in a white solid state (a yield: 68.1%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 1.22 (s, 9H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 7.20 (d,2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.27 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.67 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz),7.85 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.12 (d, 1H, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.24(dd, 1H, J¹²=7.5 Hz, J¹⁴=1.2 Hz), 8.29 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 8.53-8.59(m, 1H), 8.64-8.68 (m, 1H);

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(305.5° C.); and DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=234.7° C.

Example 8: Synthesis of Monomer M-8

Compound M-8 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-8, and a methodof preparing Intermediate I-8 and Compound M-8 as a final product arerespectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail asfollows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-8 (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-tert-butylbenzyl ester)

3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=15.41 gr, 0.1 mol, mw=154.12 g/mol),4-tert-butylbenzyl bromide (m=22.71 gr, 0.1 mol, mw=227.14 g/mol), andpotassium hydrogen carbonate (m=20.804 gr, 0.2 mol, mw=100.12 g/mol) areadded to 100 mL of dimethyl acetamide, and then, they are reacted undera nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours in a similar method to thatof Intermediate I-1 to obtain Intermediate I-8 (m=57.7 gr, 0.192 mol,mw=300.36 g/mol) in a white solid state (a yield: 96.0%).

R_(f)=0.38 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F254);

Mp=186-188° C.; and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 1.28 (s, 9H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 6.43 (t,1H, J13=2.4 Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J13=2.4 Hz), 7.34-7.44 (m, 4H), 9.65 (brs,2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-8 (Bis-Trimellitic Acid Anhydride Esterof 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid 4-Tert-Butylbenzyl Ester)

Intermediate I-8 (m=15.01 gr, 50 mmol, mw=300.36 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=23.16 gr, 110 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=11.11 gr, 110 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 0.5 Lof acetonitrile and then, they are reacted in a similar method to thatof Monomer M-1 to obtain a Monomer M-8 solution. The Monomer M-8solution is filtered in a hot state to remove an insoluble material,concentrated down to 250 mL, and stored in a refrigerator for 48 hours.

A solid therefrom is filtered and then, twice crystallized withacetonitrile (200 mL) while acetic anhydride (10 mL) is added thereto.The product is dried under vacuum at 80° C. for 24 hours to obtainMonomer M-8 (m=18.34 gr, 28.3 mmol, mw=648.59 g/mol) in a white solidstate (a yield: 56.6%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 1.27 (s, 9H), 5.37 (s, 2H), 7.43 (s,4H), 7.88 (t, 1H, J13=2.1 Hz), 8.04 (d, 2H, J13=2.1 Hz), 8.29 (d, 2H,J13=8.1 Hz), 8.63-8.67 (m, 4H);

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(316.4° C.); and

DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=212.6° C.

Example 9: Synthesis of Monomer M-9

Compound M-9 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-9, and a methodof preparing Intermediates I-9a and I-9b and Compound M-9 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 to 3 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-9a (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-bromobenzyl ester)

3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=47.68 gr, 309.4 mmol, mw=154.13 g/mol),1-bromo-4-bromomethylbenzene (m=77.32 gr, 309.4 mmol, mw=249.93 g/mol),and potassium hydrogen carbonate (m=62.1 gr, 620 mmol, mw=100.12 g/mol)are added to 500 mL of dimethyl acetamide, and then, the mixture isstirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours. When areaction is complete, the reactant is poured into 2 L of water, and themixture is vigorously stirred. A precipitate therein is filtered,thoroughly washed with water, and dried under a reduced pressure at 80°C. for 24 hours to obtain Intermediate I-9a (m=98 gr, 303.3 mmol,mw=323.15 g/mol) in a white powder state (a yield: 98.0%).

R_(f)=0.27 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F254);and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.26 (s, 2H), 6.45 (dd, 1H, J13=2.1Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J13=2.1 Hz), 7.40 (d, 2H, J12=8.4 Hz), 7.61 (d, 2H,J12=8.4 Hz), 9.65 (s, 2H, OH).

Step 2: Synthesis of Intermediate I-9b (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(4-phenylethynyl-phenylethynyl)benzyl ester)

Intermediate I-9a (m=48.47 gr, 150 mmol, mw=323.15 g/mol) and1-ethynyl-4-phenylethynylbenzene (m=30.34 gr, 150 mmol, mw=202.26 g/mol)are added to 600 mL of a mixed solvent of triethylamine and dimethylacetamide (1:1) and dissolved therein in a 1 L 3-necked round-bottomedflask equipped with a nitrogen inlet and a condenser. The solution isstirred and purged with dry nitrogen gas for 1 hour, palladium (II)chloride (m=0.8 gr, 4.5 mmol, mw=177.33 g/mol), copper (I) iodide(m=1.71 gr, 9 mmol, mw=190.45 g/mol) and triphenylphosphine (m=4.72 gr,18 mmol, mw=262.45 g/mol) are added thereto. After injecting nitrogengas additionally for 10 minutes and closing the nitrogen outlet, themixture is maintained under nitrogen at 80° C. for 24 hours whilestirred. When a reaction is complete, a solution obtained by evaporatingthe triethylamine under a reduced pressure is poured into 2 L of waterto obtain a brown solid. The solid is filtered and purified by beingwashed with water, suspended in 500 mL of DCM, boiled for 30 minutes,cooled down to room temperature, and is filtered again. This process isrepeated three times. Herein, the first mother solution appears brightbrown and includes some precipitate, the second mother solution appearslight brown and includes tiny amount of precipitate, and the last mothersolution appears light yellow. The obtained product in a light brownpowder state is dried under vacuum at 75° C. for 24 hours to obtainIntermediate I-9b (m=30 gr, 67.5 mmol, mw=444.49 g/mol) in a light brownpowder state (a yield: 45.0%).

R_(f)=0.72 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:1, TLC silica gel 60 F254);

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.34 (s, 2H), 6.45 (dd, 1H, J13=2.1Hz), 6.87 (d, 2H, J13=2.1 Hz), 7.43-7.64 (m, 13H), 9.66 (s, 2H, OH).

Step 3: Synthesis of Monomer M-9 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(4-phenylethynyl-phenylethynyl)benzylester)

Intermediate I-9b (m=29.25 gr, 65.8 mmol, mw=444.49 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=30.4 gr, 144.8 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=14.62 gr, 144.8 mol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 1.5L of acetonitrile, and they are reacted in a similar method to that ofMonomer M-1 to synthesize a M-9 solution, charcoal is added to thesolution, and the obtained mixture is filtered while hot. Then, when themixture is cooled down to room temperature, a solid is precipitated. Theproduct having low solubility in acetonitrile is suspended in 500 mL ofacetonitrile and 20 mL of acetic anhydride, and then, boiled for 2 hoursand cooled down to room temperature, and a solid therein is filtered andpurified. This process is repeated twice. The crystallized solid iswashed with a small amount of acetonitrile and dried under vacuum at 75°C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-9 (m=32 gr, 40.4 mmol, mw=792.72g/mol) in a yellow solid state (a yield: 61.3%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.46 (s, 2H), 7.44-7.47 (m, 3H),7.56-7.64 (m, 10H), 7.91 (dd, 1H, J¹³=2.1 Hz), 8.08 (d, 2H, J¹³=2.1 Hz),8.29 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 8.62-8.68 (m, 4H);

HRMS APCI (m/z) for C₄₈H₂₄O₁₂: 712.1197 (measured mass), 792.1268(calculated mass) for [M+H]⁺;

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(316° C.); and

DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=225° C.

Example 10: Synthesis of Monomer M-10

Compound M-10 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-10, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-10 and Compound M-10 as a finalproduct is classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail asfollow:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-10 (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid benzylester)

3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=31.44 gr, 0.2 mol, mw=154.12 g/mol), benzylbromide (m=34.2 gr, 0.2 mol, mw=171.04 g/mol), and potassium hydrogencarbonate (m=40 gr, 0.4 mol, mw=100.12 g/mol) are added to 0.3 L ofdimethyl acetamide (DMAC) and then, they are reacted under a nitrogenatmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours to synthesize a product in a similarmethod to that of Intermediate I-1, and the mixture is poured into 1 Lof water to extract ethyl acetate as an oil-type precipitate. The ethylacetate solution is washed with a 3% hydrochloric acid aqueous solutionand water and then, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. A solidobtained by evaporating a solvent under a reduced pressure is driedunder vacuum at 100° C. to obtain Intermediate I-10 (m=48 gr, 196.52mmol, mw=244.24 g/mol) in a white solid state (a yield: 98.3%).

R_(f)=0.34 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F254);

mp=130-132° C.; and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.29 (s, 2H), 6.44 (t, 1H, J13=2.4Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J13=2.4 Hz), 7.33-7.47 (m, 5H), 9.64 (s, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-10 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid benzyl ester)

Intermediate I-10 (m=30 gr, 122.8 mmol, mw=244.24 g/mol), trimelliticanhydride chloride (m=55.6 gr, 264 mmol, mw=210.57 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=26.7 gr, 264 mmol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 0.8 Lof acetonitrile, and then, they are reacted in a similar method to thatof Monomer M-1 to synthesize Monomer M-10. The obtained solution isfiltered while hot to remove an insoluble material, and a producttherefrom is dissolved to obtain an acetonitrile solution. Theacetonitrile solution is cooled down to precipitate a solid, and thesolid is twice recrystallized with a mixed solvent of acetonitrile (300mL) and acetic anhydride (20 mL) and dried under vacuum at 80° C. for 24hours to obtain Monomer M-10 (m=23 gr, 38.8 mmol, mw=592.48 g/mol) as ayellow crystalline material (a yield: 31.6%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.42 (s, 2H), 7.44-7.53 (m, 5H), 7.90(t, 1H, J¹³=2.1 Hz), 8.06 (d, 2H, J¹³=2.1 Hz), 8.29 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz),8.63-8.67 (m, 4H);

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(197.5° C.); and

DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp˜150° C. (decomposition).

Example 11: Synthesis of Monomer M-11

Compound M-11 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-11, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-11 and Compound M-11 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-11 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid2-phenylethyl ester)

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=18.14 gr, 117.68 mmol, mw=154.12 g/mol),2-bromoethylbenzene (m=21.35 gr, 115.37 mol, mw=185.06 g/mol), andpotassium hydrogen carbonate (m=23.4 gr, 230.74 mmol, mw=100.12 g/mol)are added to 0.1 L of dimethyl acetamide (DMAC), and they are reactedunder a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24 hours in a similar methodto that of Intermediate I-1. The mixture is poured into 1 L of water,and a precipitate in an oil state gradually becomes solid. The productis filtered, washed with water, and dried at room temperature to obtainIntermediate I-11 (m=27.6 gr, 106.86 mmol, mw=258.27 g/mol) in ayellowish white solid state (a yield: 92.6%).

R_(f)=0.64 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄);

Mp=88-90° C.; and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 3.04 (t, 2H, J¹²=6.9 Hz), 4.50 (t, 2H,J¹²=6.9 Hz), 6.81 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 6.97 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=3.0Hz), 7.11 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.20-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 4H),9.22 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-11 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2-phenylethyl ester)

Trimellitic anhydride chloride (m=47.94 gr, 227.7 mmol, mw=210.57g/mol), Intermediate M-17 (m=27.35 gr, 105.9 mmol, mw=258.27 g/mol), andtriethylamine (m=23 gr, 227.7 mmol, mw=101.19 g/mol) are added to 0.6 Lof acetonitrile to obtain a Monomer M-11 solution in a similar method tothat of Monomer M-1. The obtained solution is filtered while hot toremove an insoluble material, and an acetonitrile solution having aproduct dissolved therein is obtained. Then, a solid precipitatedtherein by cooling down the solution is twice recrystallized with amixed solvent of acetonitrile (300 mL) and acetic anhydride (20 mL) anddried under vacuum at 80° C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-11 (m=32gr, 52.76 mmol, mw=606.50 g/mol) as a yellow crystalline material (ayield: 49.8%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 2.86 (t, 2H, J¹²=6.9 Hz), 4.38 (t, 2H,J¹²=6.9 Hz), 7.14-7.27 (m, 5H), 7.67 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H,J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.01 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.28-8.33 (m, 2H),8.59-8.69 (m, 4H);

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(189° C.);

DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=117.4° C. (decomposition).

Example 12: Synthesis of Monomer M-12

Compound M-12 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-12, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-12 and Compound M-12 as a finalproduct is classified into Steps 1 and 2, and are illustrated in detailas follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-12 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(9H-fluoren-9-yloxycarbonyl)benzyl ester)

Intermediate I-12 is synthesized in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (m=3154.12 gr,126.76 mmol, m=19.54 gr), 4-chloromethyl-benzoic acid 9H-fluoren-9-ylester (mw=334.80 g/mol, 120.73 mmol, m=40.42 gr), and potassium hydrogencarbonate (mw=100.12 g/mol, 241.46 mmol, m=24.17 gr) to 0.2 L ofdimethyl acetamide (DMAC) and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphereat 75° C. for 24 hours. The product is poured into 1.5 L of water, and awhite solid precipitated therein is filtered, washed with water, andcrystallized from dichloromethane/isopropanol under a reduced pressure,and dried at 95° C. under a reduced pressure for 24 hours to obtainIntermediate I-12 (m=35 gr, mw=452.46 g/mol, 77.35 mmol) as a whitecrystalline solid (yield: 64.1%).

R_(f)=0.56 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄);

Mp=200-202° C.; and

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.44 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7Hz), 6.97-7.00 (m, 2H), 7.18 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.35 (td, 2H, J¹²=7.5Hz, J¹³=0.9 Hz), 7.49 (t, 2H, J¹²=7.5 Hz), 7.63 (t, 4H, J¹²=8.4 Hz),7.89 (d, 2H, J¹²=7.5 Hz), 8.02 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 9.21 (s, 1H), 9.85(s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-12 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(9H-fluoren-9-yloxycarbonyl)benzyl ester)

Monomer M-12 is synthesized in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1by adding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 101.83 mmol,m=21.44 gr), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(9H-fluoren-9-yloxycarbonyl)benzyl ester (mw=452.47 g/mol, 47.36 mmol,m=21.43 gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 101.83 mmol, m=10.30gr) to 1 L of acetonitrile and reacting them. When the reaction iscomplete, the solution is concentrated down to 0.4 L of a volume. Whenthe concentrated solution is cooled down to room temperature, aprecipitate is formed. The solid is filtered, washed with a small amountof water to remove triethylamine hydrochloride, and then, dried at 80°C. under a reduced pressure. A crude product therefrom is twicerecrystallized with a mixture of acetonitrile (400 mL) and aceticanhydride (20 mL), charcoal is added to the second recrystallizedsolution, the mixture is filtered, the solvent of the filtrate isremoved, and the residue is dried at 85° C. under a reduced pressure for24 hours. Monomer M-12 is obtained therefrom as a bright yellow solid(m=14.49 gr, mw=800.70 g/mol, 18.1 mmol) (yield: 38.2%).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.27 (s, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.51(m, 6H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 3H), 7.77-7.88 (m, 6H), 8.15 (d, 2H, J¹³=2.7 Hz),8.20 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.27 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.52(d, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz), 8.64-8.66 (m, 2H);

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(154.4° C.); and

DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=170.3° C. (decomp.).

Example 13: Synthesis of Monomer M-13

Compound M-13 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-13, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-13 and Compound M-13 as a finalproduct is classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail asfollows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-13 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl)benzyl ester)

Intermediate I-13 is obtained in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,75.66 mmol, m=11.66 gr), 4-chloromethyl-benzoic acid 4-bromobenzyl ester(mw=339.62 g/mol, 75.66 mmol, m=25.69 gr), and potassium hydrogencarbonate (mw=100.12 g/mol, 151.32 mmol, m=15.15 gr) to 0.2 L dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and reacting them at 70° C. under a nitrogenatmosphere for 24 hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture isadded to 1 L of water, a white solid produced therein is filtered,washed with water, crystallized with dichloromethane/methanol, and driedat 95° C. under a reduced pressure for 24 hours. Intermediate I-13 asthe product is obtained as a white crystalline solid (yield: 90.2%),m=31.2 gr (mw=457.28 g/mol, 68.23 mmol).

R_(f)=0.46 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄);and

mp=146-148° C. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.34 (s, 2H), 5.45 (s,2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz),7.19 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.44 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.59-7.64 (m, 4H),8.04 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 9.21 (s, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-13 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl)benzyl ester)

Monomer M-13 is obtained in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 66.76 mmol,m=14.06 gr), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl)benzyl ester (mw=457.28 g/mol, 31.05 mmol,m=14.20 gr), and trimethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 66.76 mmol, m=6.74 gr)to 0.8 L of acetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction iscomplete, the solution is concentrated down to 0.4 L of a volume. Whenthe solution is cooled down to room temperature, a precipitate isformed. The solid is filtered, washed with a small amount of water toremove the triethylamine hydrochloride, and then, dried at 80° C. undera reduced pressure. A crude product therefrom is recrystallized twicefrom a mixture of acetonitrile (300 mL) and acetic anhydride (20 mL),and then, charcoal is added to the second recrystallized solution, themixture is filtered, the solvent of the filtrate is removed and theresidue is dried at 85° C. for 24 hours. Monomer M-13 is obtained as awhite solid. m=15.56 gr (mw=805.51 g/mol, 19.32 mmol), yield: 62.2%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 5.28 (s, 2H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 7.38-7.45(m, 4H), 7.61 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.66 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.76 (d,2H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.16-8.19 (m,2H), 8.30 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.49 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz),8.65-8.68 (m, 2H); and

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(348.7° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=227.5° C.

Example 14: Synthesis of Monomer M-14

Compound M-14 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-14, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-14 and Compound M-14 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-14 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-hexylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-14 is obtained in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,118.9 mmol, m=18.33 gr), 4-chloromethyl-N-n-hexylbenzamide (mw=253.77g/mol, 115.5 mol, m=29.30 gr), and potassium hydrogen carbonate(mw=100.12 g/mol, 231 mmol, m=23.13 gr) to 0.2 L of dimethyl acetamide(DMAC), and reacting them at 65° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 24hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture is poured into 1.5 Lof water, and a white solid precipitated therein is filtered, washedwith water, crystallized from aqueous methanol, and dried at 95° C.under a reduced pressure for 24 hours. Intermediate I-14 producedtherefrom is a white crystalline solid. R_(f)=0.21 (Eluent:ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄), m=37.63 gr (mw=371.43g/mol, 101.3 mmol), yield: 87.7%, mp=127-128° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.86 (t, 3H, J¹²=6.9 Hz), 1.25-1.35(m, 6H), 1.46-1.56 (m, 2H), 3.24 (dt, J=6 Hz, 6.9 Hz), 5.41 (s, 2H),6.84 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.18(d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.55 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz),8.46 (t, 1H, J=6 Hz, NH), 9.21 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-14 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-hexylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Monomer M-14 is obtained in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 216.5 mmol,m=45.59 gr), Intermediate I-14 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-hexylcarbamoylbenzyl ester, mw=371.43 g/mol, 100.7 mmol, m=37.40 gr),and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 216.5 mmol, m=21.87 gr) to 1 L ofacetonitrile, and reacting them. The obtained solution is filtered whilehot to remove an insoluble material and then, concentrated down to 0.5 Lof a volume. Then, a crude product is precipitated by adding waterthereto, filtered, and washed with water. The crude product is twicerecrystallized with a mixture of acetonitrile (500 mL) and aceticanhydride (40 mL) and dried under vacuum at 95° C. for 24 hours toobtain Monomer M-14 as a white crystalline material. m=39 gr (mw=719.66g/mol, 54.18 mmol), yield: 53.8%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.85-0.90 (m, 3H), 1.29 (br s, 6H),1.48-1.53 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.24 (m, 2H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4Hz), 7.58 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H,J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.12-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.28-8.35 (m, 3H), 8.44 (dd,1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J¹⁴=1.2 Hz), 8.65-8.70 (m, 2H); and

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(309.5° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=207.2° C.

Example 15: Synthesis of Monomer M-15

Compound M-15 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-15, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-15 and Compound M-15 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-15 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-dodecylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-15 is obtained in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,101.1 mmol, m=15.58 gr), 4-chloromethyl-N-n-dodecylbenzamide (mw=337.94g/mol, 98.15 mol, m=33.17 gr), and potassium hydrogen carbonate(mw=100.12 g/mol, 200 mmol, m=20.02 gr) to 0.2 L of dimethyl acetamide(DMAC) and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture is poured into 1.5 Lof water, a white solid precipitated therein is filtered, washed withwater, crystallized with 500 mL of methanol, and dried under a reducedpressure at 90° C. for 24 hours to obtain Intermediate I-15 as a whitecrystalline solid. R_(f)=0.24 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLCsilica gel 60 F₂₅₄), m=34.1 gr (mw=455.60 g/mol, 74.85 mmol), yield:76.3%, mp=122-124° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.82-0.86 (m, 3H), 1.23-1.26 (m, 18H),1.51 (t, 2H, J¹²=6.3 Hz), 3.21-3.28 (m, 2H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H,J¹²=9.0 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0Hz), 7.54 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 7.86 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.46 (t, 1H,J¹²=5.6 Hz), 9.20 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-15 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-n-dodecylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Monomer M-15 is obtained in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 114.69 mmol,m=24.15 gr), Intermediate I-15 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-dodecylcarbamoylbenzyl ester) (mw=455.60 g/mol, 54.61 mmol, m=24.88gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 117.40 mmol, m=11.88 gr) to 1.2L of acetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction is complete, thesolution is filtered to remove an insoluble material and then,concentrated down to 0.4 L of a volume and allowed to stand for 2 daysto form a precipitate. The solid is filtered and washed with a smallamount of acetonitrile. A crude product therefrom is twicerecrystallized with a mixture of acetonitrile (300 mL) and aceticanhydride (15 mL), charcoal is added to the second recrystallizedsolution, the mixture is filtered, the solvent of the filtrate isremoved and the residue is dried at 85° C. under vacuum for 24 hours toobtain Monomer M-15 in a white solid state. m=10.28 gr (mw=803.83 g/mol,12.78 mmol), yield: 23.4%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.82-0.87 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 18H),1.50 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.21 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz),7.57 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.64 (d, 2H, J¹²=9.0 Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H,J¹²=8.7 Hz, J¹³=2.7 Hz), 8.12-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.28-8.35 (m, 3H), 8.44 (dd,1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz, J¹³=1.2 Hz), 8.65-8.68 (m, 2H).

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(317.2° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=172.3° C.

Example 16: Synthesis of Monomer M-16

Compound M-16 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-16, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-16 and Compound M-16 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2, and illustratedin detail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-16 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-hexadecylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-16 is obtained in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,198.93 mmol, m=30.66 gr), 4-chloromethyl-N-n-hexadecylbenzamide(mw=394.04 g/mol, 195.03 mol, m=76.85 gr), and potassium hydrogencarbonate (mw=100.12 g/mol, 390.06 mmol, m=39.05 gr) to 0.5 L ofdimethyl acetamide (DMAC), and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphereat 65° C. for 24 hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture ispoured into 3 L of water, and a white solid precipitated therein isfiltered and washed with water. A crude product therefrom is suspendedin hot water at 80° C. and then, stirred for 30 minutes and filtered. Aresulting solid is dried for 24 hours and then, at 90° C. under areduced pressure for 24 hours. The product is obtained as a white solid.R_(f)=0.30 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄),m=95.4 gr (mw=511.7 g/mol, 186.44 mmol), yield: 95.6%, mp=118-120° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.82-0.87 (m, 3H), 1.16-1.27 (m, 26H),1.48-1.52 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.29 (m, 2H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=9.0Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz),7.54 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 7.86 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.46 (t, 1H, J¹²=5.6Hz), 9.21 (s, 1H), 9.90 (s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-16 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-n-hexadecylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Monomer M-16 is prepared in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 390.28 mmol,m=82.18 gr), Intermediate I-16 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-n-hexadecylcarbamoylbenzyl ester, mw=511.70 g/mol, 185.85 mmol, m=95.1gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 408.87 mmol, m=41.37 gr) to 1.5L of acetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction is complete, theobtained solution is filtered to remove an insoluble material andconcentrated down to 0.5 L of a volume and then, diluted with 1.5 L ofwater. The solid is filtered and washed with water. Then, a solidobtained therefrom is dried for 24 hours in the air and then, at 80° C.under a reduced pressure for 24 hours. A crude product is twicerecrystallized with a mixture of acetonitrile (600 mL) and aceticanhydride (100 mL) and then, dried under vacuum at 80° C. for 24 hoursby adding charcoal during the second recrystallization. A product ofMonomer M-16 is obtained as a white solid. m=88.7 gr (mw=859.94 g/mol,103.15 mmol), yield: 55.5%.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.87-0.92 (m, 3H), 1.16-1.36 (m, 26H),1.60-1.64 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.48 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 6.13 (t, 1H, J=5.4Hz), 7.25-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.63 (m, 3H), 8.04-8.10 (m, 2H), 8.22 (d,1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.53-8.56 (m, 2H), 8.75 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J¹³=1.5Hz), 8.84 (s, 1H).

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(263.4° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=155.0° C.

Example 17: Synthesis of Monomer M-17

Compound M-17 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-17, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-17 and Compound M-17 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follow:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-17 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(4-octylphenylcarbamoyl)benzyl ester (1:2 mixture of conformers))

Intermediate I-17 is prepared in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,117.12 mmol, m=18.05 gr), 4-chloromethyl-N-(4-octylphenyl)benzamide)(mw=357.93 g/mol, 113.71 mol, m=40.7 gr), and potassium hydrogencarbonate (mw=100.12 g/mol, 227 mmol, m=22.72 gr) to 0.3 L dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65°C. for 24 hours. When the reaction is complete, a white solid isprecipitated by pouring the mixture into 1.5 L of water, and is twicepurified by being filtered and washed with water and then, beingre-suspended in 0.5 L of methanol and boiling the suspension, cooled itdown to room temperature, and filtering it. A product therefrom is driedat 80° C. under a reduced pressure for 24 hours and obtained as a whitesolid. R_(f)=0.38 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60F₂₅₄), m=44.87 gr (mw=475.59 g/mol, 94.35 mmol), yield 83%. Mp=136° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.85 (t, 4.5H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.20-1.30(m, 15H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 3H), 2.50-2.55 (m, 3H), 4.84 (s, 1H, CH₂), 5.45(s, 2H, CH₂), 6.85 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 6.99 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz,J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.15 (d, 3H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J¹²=3.0 Hz),7.57-7.68 (m, 6H), 7.93-7.99 (m, 3H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 9.90 (br s, 1H),10.19 (s, 1.5H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-17 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-(4-octylphenylcarbamoyl)benzyl ester)

Monomer M-17 is obtained in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 196.5 mmol,m=41.38 gr), Intermediate I-17 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-(4-octylphenylcarbamoyl)benzyl ester, mw=475.59 g/mol, 93.67 mmol,m=44.5 gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 205.85 mmol, m=20.83 gr)to 1 L of acetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction iscomplete, the obtained brown solution is filtered while hot to remove aninsoluble material and cooled down to room temperature. A solidimmediately starts to precipitate in a hot solution state. The solid isfiltered and washed with a small amount of acetonitrile. A crude productis purified by suspending the solid with a mixture of acetonitrile (800mL) and acetic anhydride (50 mL) and boiling the suspension andsubsequently, cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The obtainedproduct is dried at 100° C. under vacuum for 24 hours. The product isMonomer M-17 of a yellowish crystalline solid. m=32.77 gr (mw=823.82g/mol, 39.78 mmol), yield: 42.5%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.85 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 10H),1.50-1.60 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.57 (m, 2H), 5.29 (s, 2H, CH₂), 7.15 (d, 1H,J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 7.61-7.72 (m, 5H), 7.83-7.88 (m,1H), 8.17-8.19 (m, 2H), 8.29 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 8.39-8.40 (m, 1H),8.47-8.50 (m, 1H), 8.65-8.69 (m, 1H), 10.06 (s, 1H, NH). Thermalanalysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss (320.3°C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=230.1° C.

Example 18: Synthesis of Monomer M-18

Compound M-18 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-18, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-18 and Compound M-18 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-18 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-18 is synthesized in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,99.35 mmol, m=15.31 gr), N,N-dibutyl-4-chloromethylbenzamide (mw=281.83g/mol, 99.35 mol, m=33.17 gr), and potassium hydrogen carbonate(mw=100.12 g/mol, 200 mmol, m=20.02 gr) to 0.2 L of dimethyl acetamide(DMAC), and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 24hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture is poured into 1.5 Lof water, a white sticky solid precipitated therein is filtered, washedwith water, dried, and crystallized with about 400 mL ofhexane/dichloromethane. A white crystalline material obtained therefromis filtered, washed with hexane, and dried at 80° C. under a reducedpressure for 24 hours. A final product therefrom is a white crystallinesolid. R_(f)=0.23 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60F₂₅₄), m=31.4 gr (mw=399.49 g/mol, 78.60 mmol), yield: 79.1%,mp=117-119° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.65-0.75 (m, 3H), 0.88-0.98 (m, 3H),1.00-1.12 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.61 (m,2H), 3.09-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 2H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H,J¹²=9.0 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0Hz), 7.36 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.53 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 9.24 (br s,1H), 9.89 (br s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-18 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Monomer M-18 is prepared in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 164.13 mmol,m=34.56 gr), Intermediate I-18 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-N,N-dibutylcarbamoylbenzyl ester, mw=399.49 g/mol, 78.15 mmol, m=31.22gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 168 mmol, m=17 gr) to 1 L ofacetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction is complete, theobtained brown solution is filtered while hot to remove an insolublematerial and then, concentrated down to 0.4 L of a volume. From the hotsolution, a white solid is almost immediately precipitated. The solid isfiltered and washed with a small amount of acetonitrile. A crude producttherefrom is twice recrystallized from a mixture of acetonitrile (500mL) and acetic anhydride (30 mL) and dried under vacuum at 85° C. for 24hours to obtain Monomer M-18 as a white crystalline solid. m=35.09 gr(mw=747.72 g/mol, 46.93 mmol), yield: 60.5%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.62-0.72 (m, 3H), 0.90-1.08 (m, 5H),1.25-1.60 (m, 6H), 3.00-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H),7.11 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 7.32 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 7.65 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7Hz), 7.85 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.15 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz),8.19 (d, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz), 8.29 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 8.40 (br s, 1H),8.49 (dd, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz, J¹³=1.5 Hz), 8.65-8.68 (m, 2H).

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(332.8° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=180.0° C.

Example 19: Synthesis of Monomer M-19

Compound M-19 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-19, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-19 and Compound M-19 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-19 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-N,N-dioctylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-19 is synthesized in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,166.57 mmol, m=25.67 gr), N,N-dioctyl-4-chloromethylbenzamide (mw=394.04g/mol, 163.31 mol, m=64.35 gr), and potassium hydrogen carbonate(mw=100.12 g/mol, 326.62 mmol, m=32.70 gr) to 0.35 L of dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphere at 65°C. for 24 hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture is pouredinto 2 L of water, and oil precipitated therein is extracted with 1 L ofethyl acetate. An organic layer therefrom is three times washed withaqueous hydrocarbon and water, and then, dried with aqueous sodiumsulfate. The ethyl acetate is evaporated under a reduced pressure, andthen, an oily residue is dissolved in hot hexane (0.7 L), treated withsilica gel, and then, filtered while hot to remove impurities. Thehexane is evaporated under a reduced pressure to obtain a colorlesssticky oily product. R_(f)=0.48 (Eluent: ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLCsilica gel 60 F₂₅₄), m=67.8 gr (mw=511.71 g/mol, 132.50 mmol), yield:81.1%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.80-0.86 (m, 6H), 1.03-1.56 (m, 20H),1.44-1.56 (m, 4H), 3.13 (s, 2H), 3.29 (s, 2H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 6.83 (d,1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H,J¹³=3.0 Hz), 7.36 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 7.53 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.4 Hz), 9.20(s, 1H), 9.91 (s, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-19 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-N,N-dioctylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Monomer M-19 is synthesized in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1by adding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 277.43 mmol,m=58.24 gr), Intermediate I-19 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-N,N-dioctylcarbamoylbenzyl ester, mw=511.71 g/mol, 132.11 mmol, m=67.6gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 290.64 mmol, m=29.41 gr) to 1.2L of acetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction is complete, abrown solution is filtered while hot to remove an insoluble material andconcentrated down to 0.5 L of a volume. The solution is cooled down toroom temperature to precipitate a white solid. The solid is filtered andwashed with a small amount of acetonitrile. A crude product therefrom istwice recrystallized with a mixed solvent of acetonitrile (600 mL) andacetic anhydride (30 mL), and decolorizing charcoal is added theretoduring the second recrystallization. A product therefrom is dried undervacuum at 90° C. for 24 hours to obtain Monomer M-19 of a whitecrystalline solid as a final product. m=71.4 gr (mw=859.94 g/mol, 83.03mmol), yield: 62.8%.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 0.82-0.91 (m, 6H), 1.09-1.63 (m, 24H),3.08-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.47 (m, 2H), 5.23 (s, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.7 Hz), 7.60 (dd, 1H,J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.06 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.11 (d, 1H, J¹²=7.8Hz), 8.22 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.53 (dd, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz, J¹³=1.5 Hz),8.59 (s, 1H), 8.76 (dd, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz, J¹³=1.5 Hz), 8.85 (s, 1H).

Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss(293° C.); DSC (heating 10° C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=182.7° C.

Example 20: Synthesis of Monomer M-20

Compound M-20 is prepared according to Reaction Scheme M-20, and amethod of preparing Intermediate I-20 and Compound M-20 as a finalproduct is respectively classified into Steps 1 and 2 and illustrated indetail as follows:

Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate I-20 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-N,N-dibenzylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Intermediate I-20 is synthesized in a similar method to that ofIntermediate I-1 by adding 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (mw=154.12 g/mol,128.24 mmol, m=19.76 gr), N,N-dibenzyl-4-chloromethylbenzamide(mw=349.86 g/mol, 124.51 mol, m=43.56 gr), and potassium hydrogencarbonate (mw=100.12 g/mol, 249.02 mmol, m=24.93 gr) to 0.2 L ofdimethyl acetamide (DMAC), and reacting them under a nitrogen atmosphereat 65° C. for 24 hours. When the reaction is complete, the mixture ispoured into 1 L of water, and a solid precipitated therein is filteredand twice crystallized with 400 mL of methanol. A product therefrom isdried at 70° C. under a reduced pressure for 12 hours. Intermediate I-20is obtained therefrom as a white solid and has R_(f)=0.25 (Eluent:ethylacetate:hexane=1:2, TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄), mp=90-92° C., m=41.73gr (mw=467.52 g/mol, 89.26 mmol), and yield of 71.7%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 5.38 (s,2H), 6.83 (d, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz), 6.98 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz),7.14-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.36 (m, 8H), 7.53 (s, 4H), 9.20 (s, 1H), 9.90(bs, 1H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Monomer M-20 (bis-trimellitic acid anhydride esterof 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 4-N,N-dibenzylcarbamoylbenzyl ester)

Monomer M-20 is prepared in a similar method to that of Monomer M-1 byadding trimellitic anhydride chloride (mw=210.57 g/mol, 186.59 mmol,m=39.29 gr), Intermediate I-16 (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid4-N,N-dibenzylcarbamoylbenzyl ester, mw=467.52 g/mol, 88.85 mmol,m=41.54 gr), and triethylamine (mw=101.19 g/mol, 195.47 mmol, m=19.78gr) to 1 L of acetonitrile, and reacting them. When the reaction iscomplete, the obtained brown solution is filtered while hot to remove aninsoluble material and concentrated down to 0.5 L of a volume. When theresultant is cooled down to room temperature, a white solid is produced.The solid is filtered and washed with a small amount of acetonitrile. Acrude product therefrom is twice recrystallized with a mixture ofacetonitrile (500 mL) and acetic anhydride (50 mL), and a producttherefrom is dried under vacuum at 80° C. for 24 hours to obtain MonomerM-20 of a white crystalline solid as a final product. m=45.36 gr(mw=815.75 g/mol, 55.61 mmol), yield: 62.6%.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) 300 MHz, δ, ppm: 4.31 (s, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 5.22 (s,2H), 7.11-7.35 (m, 14H), 7.64 (d, 1H, J¹²=9.0 Hz), 7.84 (dd, 1H, J¹²=9.0Hz, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.15 (d, 1H, J¹³=3.0 Hz), 8.19 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz),8.29 (d, 1H, J¹²=8.1 Hz), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.48 (dd, 1H, J¹²=7.8 Hz,J¹³=1.2 Hz), 8.64-8.67 (m, 2H). Thermal analysis: TGA (heating 10°C./min, N₂ atmosphere): 1 wt % loss (333.7° C.); DSC (heating 10°C./min, N₂ atmosphere): mp=225.9° C.

Preparation Example: Synthesis of Polymer and Manufacture of FilmPreparation Examples 1-1 to 1-8: Synthesis of Polyester-Imide andManufacture of Film

Each polyester-amic acid is prepared by reacting reactants includingMonomer M-1 according to Example 1 and 6FDA or BPDA as additionaldianhydride, and TFDB and/or DADPS as diamine, in a ratio shown in Table1.

Specifically, each polyester-amic acid solution according to PreparationExamples 1-1 to 1-8 is prepared by dissolving 1 equivalent of TFDBand/or DADPS as a diamine in DMAc of an anhydrous solvent, adding 1equivalent of a mixture of Monomer M-1 according to Example 1 as adianhydride and 6FDA or BPDA as an additional dianhydride in a ratioshown in Table 1 to the solution, and stirring the mixture at 25° C. for24 hours. The obtained polyamic acid solution is mixed with 3 equivalentof acetic anhydride and 3 equivalent of pyridine and stirred therewithat 25° C. for 12 hours to obtain a chemically partially imidizedpolyester-imide solution.

The polyester-imide solution is spin-coated at 1,000 revolutions perminute (rpm) to 3,000 rpm on a 50×50 millimeters (mm) glass substrate.The coated film is dried on a hot plate set at 80° C. for 30 minutes,heated at a speed of 10° C./min in a furnace from about 25° C. to about230° C., and maintained at 230° C. for 30 minutes.

Preparation Examples 2 to 11

Each polyester-imide film according to Preparation Examples 2 to 11 isprepared according to the same method as Preparation Examples 1-1 to 1-8except for preparing polyester-amic acid by preparing each dianhydridemixture of Monomers M-2 to M-14 according to Examples 2 to 14 instead ofMonomer M-1 with 6FDA in a ratio shown in Table 1 and reacting themixture with TFDB as diamine in a mole ratio of 1:1.

Preparation Examples 12 to 17

Each polyester-imide solution according to Preparation Examples 12 to 17is prepared according to the same method as Preparation Examples 1-1 to1-8 except for respectively mixing Monomers M-15 to M-20 according toExamples 15 to 20 instead of monomer M-1 according to Example 1 with6FDA in a ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare each dianhydride mixture andreacting the dianhydride mixture with TFDB as diamine in a mole ratio of1:1 to prepare polyester-amic acid.

The polyester-imide solution is precipitated in distilled water, groundwith a blender, and cleaned with ethanol. A white precipitate isfiltered, dried in an 80° C. oven overnight, and redissolved incyclopentanone (CP).

The obtained polyester-imide solution in CP is spin-coated at 1,000 rpmto 3,000 rpm on a 50×50 mm glass substrate. The coated film is dried ona hot plate set at 80° C. for 30 minutes, heated at a speed of 10°C./min in a furnace from about 25° C. to about 170° C., and maintainedat 170° C. for 120 minutes.

Comparative Preparation Examples 1 and 2

A film according to Comparative Preparation Example 1 is formedaccording to the same method as Preparation Examples 1-1 to 1-8 exceptfor reacting 6FDA alone as dianhydride and TFDB alone as diamine in aratio of 1:1 without using Monomers M-1 to M-20 according to Examples 1to 20.

In addition, a film according to Comparative Preparation Example 2 isformed according to the same method as Preparation Examples 1-1 to 1-8except for using 6FDA and TAHQ (hydroquinone bis(trimellitatedianhydride)) as dianhydride in a ratio shown in Table 1 and reactingthe mixture with TFDB as diamine in a ratio of 1:1 to manufacturepolyimide.

Evaluation

The composition, inherent viscosity (η), a thickness, transmittance (%),a yellow index (YI), an out-of-plane birefringence (Δn_(th)), and aglass transition temperature (T_(g)) of each film according toPreparation Examples 1-1 to 1-8 and 2 to 17 and Comparative PreparationExamples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1. A method of measuring thethickness, out-of-plane birefringence, transmittance, yellow index, andglass transition temperature of the film is as follows:

(1) The film thickness is measured by using Filmetrics F20 (Filmetrics,Inc., Kanagawa, Japan).

(2) The out-of-plane birefringence (Δn_(th)) of the film is measured ata wavelength of 450 nanometers (nm) by using a prism coupler (MetriconMODEL 2010/M).

(3) Optical characteristics (transmittance and yellow index) of the filmare measured by using a spectrophotometer, “Konica Minolta CM3600d,” ina transmittance opacity/haze mode.

(4) The inherent viscosity is measured about 0.5 grams per deciliter(g/dL) of a polymer solution in DMAc by using Cannon PolyVisc AutomatedViscosimeter.

(5) The glass transition temperature (T_(g)) is measured with a fixedtension force of 0.05 Newtons (N) at a speed of 5° C./min within atemperature range of 50° C. to 400° C. by using a thermal mechanicalanalyzer (TMA Q400, TA Instruments).

TABLE 1 Solvent Film (PEI Ratio η_(inh) thickness content, T₄₅₀ Y.I.Haze T_(g) Examples Composition (mol part) (dL/g) (μm) wt %) (%) (%) (%)(° C.) Δn_(th) Preparation M1/6- 8:2:10 0.87 6.1 DMAc 15 89.49 0.54 0.24221 0.0781 Example FDA/TFDB 1-1 Preparation M1/6- 6:4:10 0.80 7.5 DMAc15 89.80 0.43 0.37 233 0.0687 Example FDA/TFDB 1-2 Preparation M1/6-4:6:10 0.74 5.5 DMAc 15 89.39 0.55 0.24 260 0.0589 Example FDA/TFDB 1-3Preparation M1/6- 2:8:10 0.91 4.9 DMAc 15 89.80 0.46 0.12 289 0.0505Example FDA/TFDB 1-4 Preparation M1/6- 5:5:10 — 5.9 DMAc 18 88.70 0.600.23 269 0.0397 Example FDA/DADPS 1-5 Preparation M1/BPDA/ 5:5:10 — 9.0DMAc 18 88.42 0.73 0.15 274 0.0553 Example DADPS 1-6 Preparation M1/6-8:2:9:1 — 13.5 DMAc 18 88.34 0.99 0.18 — 0.09195 Example FDA/TFDB/ 1-7DADPS Preparation M1/6- 8:2:7.5:2.5 — 8.8 DMAc 18 88.73 0.68 0.19 2250.06653 Example FDA/TFDB/ 1-8 DADPS Preparation M2/6- 6:4:10 1.08 17.9DMAc 20 86.51 3.57 0.11 — 0.0565 Example 2 FDA/TFDB Preparation M3/6-8:2:10 1.55 7.4 DMAc 15 89.32 0.60 0.36 218 0.0894 Example 3 FDA/TFDBPreparation M5/6- 6:4:10 0.69 7.9 DMAC 20 89.50 0.81 0.28 — 0.0635Example 4 FDA/TFDB Preparation M7/6- 8:2:10 1.80 5.7 DMAc 9 89.55 0.480.33 232 0.0945 Example 5 FDA/TFDB Preparation M8/6- 8:2:10 0.46 6.5DMAc 18 90.01 0.37 0.19 227 0.0440 Example 6 FDA/TFDB Preparation M10/6-8:2:10 0.43 6.8 DMAc 20 89.10 1.07 0.45 242 0.0462 Example 7 FDA/TFDBPreparation M11/6- 8:2:10 1.27 9.8 DMAc 18 88.35 1.11 0.24 207 0.0729Example 8 FDA/TFDB Preparation M12/6- 8:2:10 0.74 7.9 DMAc 18 88.72 0.810.13 227 0.0579 Example 9 FDA/TFDB Preparation M13/6- 8:2:10 2.27 8.1DMAc 13 88.87 0.94 0.55 196 0.0688 Example 10 FDA/TFDB PreparationM14/6- 8:2:10 0.93 9.5 DMAc 17 88.40 1.00 0.29 201 0.0816 Example 11FDA/TFDB Preparation M15/6- 8:2:10 1.22 5.9 CP 9 89.03 0.65 0.11 1700.0809 Example 12 FDA/TFDB Preparation M16/6- 8:2:10 0.48 6.7 CP 1888.80 0.94 0.22 154 0.0572 Example 13 FDA/TFDB Preparation M17/6- 8:2:101.45 5.1 CP 10 88.21 1.41 0.24 189 0.0930 Example 14 FDA/TFDBPreparation M18/6- 8:2:10 1.72 6.1 CP 9 89.78 0.45 0.26 194 0.08574Example 15 FDA/TFDB Preparation M19/6- 8:2:10 1.20 5.3 CP 12 89.26 0.570.15 162 0.0724 Example 16 FDA/TFDB Preparation M20/6- 8:2:10 0.91 5.4CP 10 88.73 0.69 0.14 196 0.0692 Example 17 FDA/TFDB Comparative6-FDA/TFDB 10:10 0.73 5.0 DMAc 15 90.63 0.31 0.21 320 0.0429 PreparationExample 1 Comparative THQA/6- 8:2:10 1.07 5.6 DMAc 9 87.55 1.71 0.44 2440.1304 Preparation FDA/TFDB Example 2

As shown in Table 1, a polyester-imide film prepared from reactantsincluding a dianhydride including an ester group according to anembodiment has high transmittance at 450 nm, a low yellow index, and lowhaze, as well as shows a high out-of-plane birefringence ranging from atleast about 0.04 to at most about 0.09, and thus, has excellent opticalcharacteristics. In addition, the film has a glass transitiontemperature within a predetermined or higher range, and thus, highthermal stability. In other words, since a film formed from aromaticdianhydride including an ester group according to an embodiment andaromatic diamine shows equivalent or more excellent optical properties,as well as equivalent or satisfactory thermal stability, compared with apolyimide film prepared by using conventional aromatic dianhydride andaromatic diamine and having high thermal stability and excellent opticalproperties according to Comparative Preparation Example 1 or 2, a filmhaving excellent optical properties and thermal stability may be formedby reacting novel dianhydride including an ester group according to anembodiment alone or together with conventional aromatic dianhydridehaving excellent optical characteristics and a conventional aromaticdiamine. This ester group-containing dianhydride according to anembodiment has a low preparation cost compared with the conventionalaromatic dianhydride having excellent optical properties and thermalstability, and thus, may remarkably reduce a manufacturing cost, whilehaving excellent optical properties and thermal stability duringmanufacture of an optical film.

While this disclosure has been described in connection with what ispresently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the disclosedembodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover variousmodifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit andscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R¹ and R² are independently asubstituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C1 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC3 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 acyl group, a hydroxy group, ahalogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independentlyhydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, or a C6 to C30 aryl group),—SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 toC30 alkyl group, or a C6 to C30 aryl group), or a combination thereof, oand p are independently an integer ranging from 0 to 3, L¹ is O orNR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A¹ is aC6 to C30 aromatic organic group, and R^(a) is hydrogen, a substitutedor unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, a hydroxy group,a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independentlyhydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 toC30 arylalkyl group), —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independentlyhydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 toC30 arylalkyl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), or a group represented by ChemicalFormula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, L² and L³ are independently O, CO, COO,C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C30 alkyl group),A² and A³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, q and r areindependently an integer ranging from 0 to 3, m is an integer rangingfrom 0 to 3, and n is an integer ranging from 0 to
 20. 2. The monomer ofclaim 1, wherein o and p of Chemical Formula 1 are independently 0 or 1,L¹ is O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkylgroup), A¹ is a C6 to C20 aromatic organic group, R^(a) is hydrogen, asubstituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7to C20 arylalkyl group, a halogen, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group,or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ areindependently hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), or a grouprepresented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, L² and L³ are independently COO, C≡C, orCONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A² andA³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aromaticring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, q and r are independently aninteger ranging from 0 to 2, provided that 1≤q+r≤2, m is an integerranging from 0 to 2, and n is an integer ranging from 0 to
 10. 3. Themonomer of claim 1, wherein o and p of Chemical Formula 1 areindependently 0 or 1, L¹ is O or NH, A¹ is a benzene ring, and R^(a) ishydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, a halogen,—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), ora group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, L² and L³ are independently COO, C≡C, orCONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A² andA³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, asubstituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, q and r are independently aninteger ranging from 0 to 2, provided that 1≤q+r≤2, m is 0 or 1, and nis an integer ranging from 0 to
 5. 4. The monomer of claim 1, whereinthe monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 is a monomer representedby Chemical Formula 3 or a monomer represented by Chemical Formula 4:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4, R¹ and R² areindependently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 acyl group, ahydroxy group, a halogen, a nitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ areindependently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, or a C6 to C30 arylgroup), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogenor a C1 to C20 alkyl group), or a combination thereof, o and p areindependently an integer ranging from 0 to 3, L¹ is O or NR^(b) (whereinR^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A¹ is a C6 to C30aromatic organic group, and R^(a) includes a substituted orunsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1to C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, a hydroxy group, a halogen, anitro group, —NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkylgroup), —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 toC30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkylgroup), —SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen,C1 to C30 alkyl group, or C7 to C30 arylalkyl group), or a grouprepresented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, L² and L³ are independently O, CO, COO,C≡C, or CONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group),A² and A³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group, q and r areindependently an integer ranging from 0 to 3, m is an integer rangingfrom 0 to 3, and n is an integer ranging from 0 to
 20. 5. The monomer ofclaim 4, wherein o and p of Chemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4are independently 0 or 1, L¹ is O or NR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogenor a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A¹ is a C6 to C20 aromatic organic group,and R^(a) is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, a halogen,—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkylgroup, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C30alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),—SiR′R″R′″ (wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are independently hydrogen, C1 toC20 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 to C30 arylalkylgroup), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, L² and L³ are independently COO, C≡C, orCONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A² andA³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aromaticring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, q and r are independently aninteger ranging from 0 to 2, provided that 1≤q+r≤2, m is 0 or 1, and nis an integer of 0 to
 10. 6. The monomer of claim 4, wherein o and p ofChemical Formula 3 and Chemical Formula 4 are all 0, L¹ is O or NH, A¹is a benzene ring, and R^(a) is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstitutedC1 to C10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkoxygroup, a halogen, —CO—NR′R″ (wherein R′ and R″ are independentlyhydrogen, a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, or a C7 toC30 arylalkyl group), or a group represented by Chemical Formula 2:

wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, L² and L³ are independently COO, C≡C, orCONR^(b) (wherein R^(b) is hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group), A² andA³ are independently a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, asubstituted or unsubstituted fluorene ring, or a substituted orunsubstituted C7 to C20 arylalkyl group, q and r are independently aninteger ranging from 0 to 2, provided that 1≤q+r≤2, m is 0 or 1, and nis an integer ranging from 0 to 5.